Ku itariki ya 14 Gashyantare 2025, Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika ku Isi, Papa Fransisiko yajyanywe mu bitaro bya Gemelli i Roma kubera indwara zo mu buhumekero.
Uku kujyanwa mu bitaro byatumye aba ahagaritse zimwe mu nshingano ze kuko akomeje kugorwa no guhumeka no kugaragagaza umunaniro.
Abaganga bamwitaho bakomeje gutangaza ko arimo guhabwa ubuvuzi bwihariye kandi ari gukurikiranwa n’abaganga be ba hafi.
Umuvugizi wa Leta Vatikani, Matteo Bruni, yatangaje ko Papa Fransisiko azaguma mu bitaro igihe kitagenwe. Bruni yongeraho ko n’ubwo Papa Fransisiko ari mu bitaro, ngo “ahorana ibyishimo n’umunezero.”
Abayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi hose barasabwa gukomeza gusengera Papa Fransisiko no kumuba hafi muri ibi bihe.
Kuba Papa Fransisiko ari mu myaka y’izabukuru no kuba akomeje kugorwa n’ibibazo by’uburwayi, biri mu bituma abantu banyuranye batangira kwibaza uburyo Papa yasimburwa igihe yaba afashe icyemezo cyo kwegura ku mpamvu z’uburwayi, nk’uko byagenze kuri Papa Benedict XVI.
Muri Kiliziya Gatolika, itorwa rya Papa ni inzira yihariye ikurikizwa igihe umuyobozi wa Kiliziya atakiriho cyangwa atagishoboye gusohoza inshingano ze. Ubu buryo bw’itora, bumaze imyaka irenga 800, bwitwa Conclave y’Abakaridinali cyangwa se ‘Ukwifungirana kw’Abakardinali’. Ubu buryo bwa demokarasi, bufite amategeko bushingiraho hagamijwe guhitamo umuyobozi uzayobora Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi, aho hatorwa mu byiciro byinshi kugeza habonetse amajwi ahagije ku mukandida umwe. Amategeko y’ubu buryo ateganya ko Abakaridinali bemerewe gutora ari abatarageza ku myaka 80.
Nta myaka ntarengwa yagenwe ku muntu ushobora kuba Papa, kuko nka Fransisisko yabaye Papa afite imyaka 76, ubu akaba afite 88. Benedict XVI we yabaye Papa afite imyaka 78, ayobora imyaka umunani mbere yo kwegura afite imyaka 85.
Uburyo bwo gutangira amatora
Ibikorwa by’amatora bitangizwa na misa idasanzwe ya mu gitondo. Nyuma y’iyo misa, hatangazwa amagambo agira ati “extra omnes” bivuze ngo “abandi bose basohoke”, maze Abakaridinali bakarahirira kubika ibanga.
Nyuma y’ibyo, Abakaridinali bose bafite munsi y’imyaka 80 cyangwa bemerewe gutora bateranira muri Shapeli ya Sisitine, ikaba ariyo yakiriye Conclave zose kuva mu 1858.
Bahita bakingiranwa muri Conclave kugeza igihe bahisemo Papa mushya. Icyumba baba barimo nta koranabuhanga cyangwa itumanaho ry’inyuma biba bihari.
Nta cyizere kiba gihari ko icyiciro cya mbere cy’amatora cyatanga umusaruro uwo munsi.
Hakoreshwa ibiganiro, amasengesho, kwitekerezaho kugira ngo Abakaridinali bagabanye urutonde rw’abashobora gutorwa.
Hatoranywa Abakaridinali icyenda bo kuyobora amatora. Batatu baba abagenzuzi b’itora, batatu bagakurikirana ibijyanye n’amajwi mu gihe abandi batatu bagenzura niba byakozwe neza.
Papa atorerwa umwanya we ari uko umukandida umwe abonye bibiri bya gatatu by’amajwi.
Iyo bigeze ku cyiciro cya 34 cy’amatora, hatorwa hagati y’abakandida babiri ba mbere babonye amajwi menshi mu cyiciro giheruka. Icyakora, hari ubwo amatora yihuta mu gihe hari umukandida ukomeye wigaragaje.
Mu mateka, amatora ya Papa yatinze cyane mu kinyejana cya 13, aho yamaze hafi imyaka itatu kubera impaka za politiki. Muri icyo gihe, Abakaridinali batatu bapfuye bari muri Conclave.
Nyuma ya buri tora, impapuro z’amajwi zitwikirwa muri Sistine Chapel. Iyo hazamutse umwotsi w’umukara, biba bivuze ko nta Papa uratorwa.
Iyo umukandida umwe amaze kubona bibiri bya gatatu by’amajwi, aba abaye Papa mushya. Umuyobozi w’Abakaridinali amuhamagara imbere, akamubaza niba yemeye inshingano. Iyo asubije “yego”, ahita ahitamo izina rya gishumba azakoresha.
Nubwo Papa afatwa nk’umusimbura wa Mutagatifu Petero, nta n’umwe wari witwa Petero mu izina rya gishumba. Ibi biterwa ahanini n’uko Kiliziya ishaka kwirinda kumugereranya na Mutagatifu Petero ndetse n’ibikunze kuvugwa ko umu-Papa witwa Petero azaba ari uwa nyuma mbere y’imperuka.
Iyo Papa mushya atowe, impapuro z’amajwi zongera gutwikwa hakongerwamo ibituma umwotsi uba umweru, kikaba ikimenyetso cy’uko habonetse Papa mushya.
Mu minsi ibanziriza Conclave, abadoda imyambaro i Vatikani baba bakora amakanzu atatu y’umweru: amato, aringaniye n’amanini, kugira ngo bazahitemo ibereye Papa watowe.
Papa mushya ahita ajyanwa mu cyumba cyitwa Room of Tears kiri iruhande rwa Sistine Chapel, aho yambara ikanzu ye y’umweru nshya n’inkweto zitukura.
Nyuma y’ibyo, Papa mushya atangazwa imbere y’imbaga iba iteraniye mu mbuga ya Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero, ari na ho hatangarizwa amagambo azwi cyane agira ati: “Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum: Habemus Papam!” bishatse kuvuga ngo “Ndabamenyesha inkuru nziza cyane: Dufite Papa mushya!”
Itorwa rya Papa ryatangiye mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma y’urupfu rwa Mutagatifu Petero, wabaye Papa wa mbere wa Kiliziya Gatolika. Nyuma ye, abandi bayobozi batorwaga n’Abakristu b’icyo gihe, ahanini bahitamo umuyobozi ukomeye mu kwemera no kuyobora Kiliziya.
Mu kinyejana cya gatatu, Kiliziya yatangiye kugira uburenganzira bwagutse, bigatuma itorwa ry’abapapa rikomera, rigira amabwiriza menshi.
Mu kinyejana cya 11, Papa Nicholas II yashyizeho itegeko ry’uko abapapa batorwa n’abakardinali gusa.
Ubu buryo bw’itora bwakomeje gushyirwamo imbaraga mu binyejana byakurikiyeho kugera ubwo mu 1621 Papa Gregory XV ashyiraho amategeko asaba ko abakardinali bagomba kwifungirana ahantu hamwe kugeza igihe batoranyije Papa mushya, ndetse babuzwa kubona amakuru yo hanze kugira ngo hatagira ubashyiraho igitutu.
Iyi nkuru yateguwe hifashishijwe inkuru z’ibinyamakuru bitandukanye birimo AP, BBC na the INDEPENDENT
