Mu gihe hamaze gutangazwa amajwi arengaho gato 58% mu matora y’abagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yo muri Afurika y’Epfo, Ishyaka ANC riri ku btegetsi riracyayoboye gusa riri gutakaza ubwiganze kuko riri kuribwa isataburenge n’amashyaka arimo DA na MKP ry’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Afurika y’Epfo Jacob Zuma.
Kugeza ubu, ANC (African National Congress) ifite amajwi 42.3%, DA (Democratic Alliance) ifite 23.3% mu gihe MKP (uMkhonto weSizwe party) ifite 10.7%.
Uku gutakaza ubwiganze kw’ishyaka rya ANC byaba ari ubwa mbere bibaye mu myaka 30 y’ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi bw’iki gihugu.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zigarukwaho n’abasesenguzi banyuranye mu bya politiki ku kiri gutuma ishyaka ANC rikomeza gutakaza ubwiganze, harimo ibibazo binyuranye byugarije iki gihugu birimo ubushomeri n’ibyaha.
Akazi:
Umwe mu Banya Afurika y’Epfo batatu nta kazi afite kuko Igihugu gifite igipimo cy’ubushomeri kiri hejuru ku isi. Ku rubyiruko rufite impamyabumenyi ariko ntirubone akazi, ubushomeri ni cyo kibazo gikomeye kiri ku rupapuro rw’itora.
Impuguke zivuga ko kubera gahunda mbi zo guteza imbere inganda mu myaka ANC imaze ku butegetsi, ubukungu bwa Afurika y’Epfo bwabuze uburyo bwo guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko rwinshi.
Igipimo cy’ubushomeri muri rusange cyazamutseho mu mpera z’umwaka ushize kivuye kuri 31% kigera kuri 33% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2024.
Iki kibazo cyiganje cyane mu rubyiruko rw’igihugu, rufite imyaka hagati ya 15 na 34. Ubushomeri muri iki kiciro kiri kuri 45.5%, kikaba kiri hejuru y’igipimo cy’igihugu muri rusange.
Mu ntara y’Uburasirazuba bw’Umujyi wa Cape izwi nk’iwabo wa Nelson Mandela kandi ikaba ariyo ntara ikennye cyane mu zindi ntara icyenda zose, ifite igipimo cy’ubushomeri kiri hejuru cyane kuri 42.4%. Intara y’Amajyarugru y’Uburengerazuba ikurikiraho kuri 40.5% n’Intara ya Free State kuri 38%.
Ku rundi ruhande, mu burengerazuba bwa Cape, ikicaro cy’ishyaka rya opozisiyo rya DA kandi ikaba ariho umujyi wa Cape Town uherereye, ifite igipimo cy’ubushomeri kiri hasi cyane mu gihugu kuri 21.4%, ikurikirwa n’Amajyaruguru ya Cape kuri 28.3% na KwaZulu-Natal kuri 29.9%.
Uburezi
Ubusumbane bw’amateka buracyabangamiye urwego rw’uburezi muri Afurika y’Epfo, bigateza ingaruka mbi ku isoko ry’umurimo.
N’ubwo amashuri yatangiye kwakira abanyeshuri b’ingeri zose nyuma ya Apartheid, amashyirahamwe y’abirabura akomeje kugirwaho ingaruka no kubona amashuri meza kuko amwe mu mashuri arakennye cyane, nta bikoresho by’ububiko bw’ibitabo n’iby’ubushakashatsi. Amwe nta bikoresho by’ibanze nka internet afite kandi anafite abarimu badafite ubumenyi buhagije.
Muri rusange, umubare munini w’abirabura ni bo badafite uburezi ubwo ari bwo bwose. Ku Banya Afurika y’Epfo b’abazungu, ariko, umubare munini bafite amahirwe yo kuba bararangije amashuri makuru ni 3% ugereranyije n’umubare w’abirabura, Abahinde, cyangwa abantu b’imvange cyangwa b’amoko menshi atuye muri iki gihugu.
Izindi ngero zigaragaza ko integanyanyigisho z’amashuri zidategura urubyiruko ku isoko ry’umurimo kuko zitajyanye n’ibikenewe n’abakoresha. Ibi bituma habaho kudahuza ubushobozi n’imirimo.
Ibyaha
Ibyaha bikomeje kwiyongera kandi birushaho kuba bibi. Urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubukene, ubushomeri n’ubusumbane byateje izamuka ry’ibyaha by’urugomo muri Afurika y’Epfo, bikaba byarushijeho kuba bibi bitewe n’izamuka ry’amatsinda y’ibyaha ateguye.
Nk’uko byatangajwe mu cyegeranyo cy’umwaka cy’ibyaha na Serivisi y’Igipolisi cya Afurika y’Epfo, mu mwaka w’imari wa 2022-2023, hakozwe ibirego by’ibyaha bikomeye n’iby’urugomo bigera kuri miliyoni 1.8 hirya no hino mu gihugu, aho bigaragara ko byiyongereyeho 7.7% ugereranyije n’umwaka wawubanjirije.
Ku mpuzandengo, abantu 75 bicwa buri munsi, bikaba byariyongereyeho 60% mu myaka 10 ishize.
Ubujura bw’imodoka bwikubye kabiri mu myaka 10 ishize, buva ku birego 31 byabaga buri munsi mu 2013 bigera ku birego 62 byatangajwe mu 2023.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibirego by’ubujura busanzwe byagabanutseho 12% mu myaka 10 ishize naho ibyaha byo guhohotera bishingiye ku gitsina, birimo gufata ku ngufu no guhohotera bishingiye ku gitsina, bigabanukaho 5.6% mu gihe kimwe.
Amatora ari kuba ni amatora rusange ya karindwi ya demokarasi muri Afurika y’Epfo. Ni amatora aba buri myaka itanu kuva mu 1994, ubwo ingoma y’abazungu bari bafite ubutegetsi yarangiraga ANC ikaza ku butegetsi.
Abanya Afurika y’Epfo ntibatora perezida, Ahubwo batora abantu 400 bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko, aba akaba aribo batora Umukuru w’Igihugu mushya mu minsi 30 nyuma y’amatora rusange.