Mu bice byinshi by’u Rwanda, imbeba zikunze gufatwa nk’udusimba twangiza. Ku bantu benshi, iyo uvuze imbeba bihita bibibutsa igihombo n’iyangirika ry’umusaruro. Ibyo bigatuma akenshi zihigwa zikanategwa, ahanini bitewe n’uko abantu badafite ubumenyi buhagije ku kamaro kazo mu bidukikije n’ingaruka zaterwa no kuzimira kwazo.
Inyuma y’iyo myumvire isanzwe, abahanga mu bya Siyansi bagaragaza imbeba nk’inyamaswa zifite uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga no kuringaniza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Mu kiganiro na ICK News, Pacifique Niyodushima, umushakashatsi mu Kigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku rusobe rw’ibinyabuzima (Center of Excellence in Biodiverse and Natural Resource Management) muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, yasobanuye ko imbeba zifite uruhare runini mu gutuma ibidukikije bikomeza kubaho neza no gushyigikira ubuzima bw’ibindi binyabuzima.
Imbeba nk’abubatsi b’urusobe rw’ibidukikije
Niyodushima asobanura ko imbeba ari “abubatsi b’ibidukikije”, bivuze ibinyabuzima bihindura aho biba mu buryo bugirira akamaro ibindi binyabuzima.
Pacifique Niyodushima, umushakashatsi wo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda
Yagize ati: “Iyo imbeba ziicukuye ubutaka, zituma umwuka n’amazi byinjira neza, bigafasha udukoko duto (micro-organisms) kumenagura ibisigazwa by’ibimera. Ibi bituma ibyatsi n’ibindi bimera bibora vuba, bikongera intungamubiri mu butaka.”
Uwo mubano utuma haboneka ifumbire karemano kandi imbuto zaguye ku butaka zikabasha kumera neza. Bityo imbeba zikagira uruhare mu kongera uburumbuke bw’ubutaka no kongera kumera kw’ibimera.
Uruhare rwazo mu ruhererekane rw’ibiribwa
Imbeba zigira uruhare runini muruhererekane rw’ibiribwa, kuko zibera ibiryo inyamaswa nyinshi zirimo inyoni, inzoka n’izindi nyamaswa zirya inyama. Kubaho kwazo bituma izo nyamaswa zibona ibizitunga, bityo hakabaho uburinganire mu bidukikije.
Ikindi kandi, Niyodushima yagaragaje ko imbeba zishobora kugabanya ubwinshi bw’udukoko twangiza imyaka, nk’utunyoni n’inzige), bityo zikagira n’uruhare mu kurinda umusaruro w’ubuhinzi.
Akamaro k’imbeba kandi gahamywa na Telesphore Ngoga, Umusesenguzi wa Politiki yo Kubungabunga Ibidukikije mu Rwego rw’igihugu rw’Iterambere (RDB)
Yagize ati “Imbeba zirinzwe nk’igice cy’ingenzi cy’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kuko, zifite akamaro kanini mu bidukikije kamere, nko muri Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga n’iya Nyungwe, imbeba zo mu gasozi zigira uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza imbuto no kwinjiza umwuka mu butaka, gukwirakwiza imbuto no gukora imiyoboro, bifasha mu koroshya kuvugurura amashyamba no kubungabunga ubuzima bw’ibimera byo mu misozi miremire bityo bikarinda ubukerarugendo bw’igihugu.
Si ibyo gusa kuko, Ngoga yongeraho ko imbeba zifashishwa mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari kugira ngo zongere ubumenyi mu bya siyansi n’ubuvuzi. Yongeraho ko kuri ubu mu Rwanda ibi bikorwa ku rugero ruto, ugereranyije n’ibindi bihugu.
Byagenda bite imbeba ziramutse zivuye ku isi?
Niyodushima avuga ko kuzimira kw’imbeba byagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije. Inyamaswa zizishingiyeho nk’ifunguro zatangira kugabanuka, bikaba byateza guhungabana k’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Yagize ati: “Niba imbeba zifasha mu gutuma ubutaka bugira ubuzima no mu kumera kw’ibimera, tekereza uko byagenda iyo kimwe mu biremwa bikora cyane mu bidukikije gihagaritse gukora. Ahantu hangiritse hajya hatinda gusubirana, no kongera kugaruka kw’ibimera bikagenda buhoro cyane.” Ibi byanagira ingaruka no ku bukerarugendo bw’ibidukikije, bushingira cyane ku buzima bwiza bw’ibinyabuzima n’ubw’umwimerere w’ibidukikije.
Uko abantu babana n’imbeba mu buryo buboneye
Niyodushima ashimangira ko kwica imbeba uko zibonetse bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije aho kubirinda.
Ati: “Imbeba zose si ibyonnyi.” Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe na Méthode Majyambere, umwarimu muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda akaba n’impuguke mu bijyanye n’imbeba, bugaragaza ko mu Rwanda habarurwa amoko 73 y’imbeba. Muri ayo, abiri gusa ni yo akunze kuboneka mu ngo z’abantu kandi akaba ari yo afatwa nk’ibyonnyi, mu gihe andi aba mu bidukikije bisanzwe.
Asaba ko aho kurandura imbeba burundu, hakoreshwa uburyo butica nko kuzitega no kuzisubiza mu byanya byazo, cyane cyane aho zidahurira n’abantu.
Kuki imbeba zishobora kuva mu gace kamwe zikerekeza mu kandi?
Niyodushima asobanura ko impamvu nyamukuru ituma imbeba zimuka ari ukubura ibiryo no kwangirika kw’aho ziba.
Ati: “Nk’ibindi binyabuzima byose, iyo aho ziba hasenyutse zirahunga.” Gutema, guhinga ahahoze ishyamba no kuhubaka bituma aho ziba n’ibyo zirya bigabanuka. Izitashoboye kwimuka akenshi zirapfa, bikaba byahungabanya uburinganire bw’ibidukikije.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, Niyodushima avuga ko u Rwanda rugifite ahantu henshi hakiri ibidukikije bitangiritse cyane bikomeje kuba intaho y’imbeba n’andi moko y’ibinyabuzima.
Uruhare rw’imbeba mu kongera amashyamba
Imbeba zifasha no gukwirakwiza imbuto z’ibimera, bigafasha amashyamba n’ahantu hangiritse kongera kwiyubaka vuba. Nubwo uru ruhare rutaragaragazwa neza mu mibare, rufite akamaro kanini mu kongera kubaka ibidukikije.
Icyo imibare igaragaza ku kamaro k’imbeba
Abashakashatsi bemeza ko imbeba zigize hafi 40% by’inyamaswa z’inyamabere (mammals) ku isi. Imbeba imwe y’ingore ishobora kubyara abana bagera kuri 60 mu mwaka umwe, bigatuma habaho ibiryo bihoraho ku nyamaswa zirenga 30 zizirya.
Imyitwarire yazo yo gucukura no gushakisha ibiryo mu butaka ituma umwuka winjira neza mu butaka kandi bikongera ifumberi kuri 30%, bigatanga umusaruro mwiza ku bimera no ku buzima rusange rw’urusobe rw’ibidukikije.
