Abakirisitu Gatolika ku isi hose baracyari mu byishimo by’itorwa rya Papa Leo XIV, watangiye ubutumwa ku mugaragaro kuri iki Cyumweru, tariki ya 18 Gicurasi 2025.
Papa Leo XIV, ukomoka muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, uretse kuba ari Umunyamerika uvukana ubwenegihugu, Papa Leo afite n’ubwenegihugu bwa Peru, igihugu yakoreyemo umurimo w’ubusaseridoti imyaka myinshi.
Nyuma yo gutorerwa kuyobora Kiliziya, hari ibibazo by’amategeko byatangiye kwibazwa ku bijyanye n’ubwenegihugu bwe.
Ikibazo nyamukuru ni iki: Ese Umunyamerika ashobora kuba umwami w’igihugu cy’amahanga agasigarana ubwenegihugu bwe bw’Amerika?
Papa, mu by’ukuri, ni umwami wemewe n’itegekonshinga. Nk’uko Itegeko Nshinga rya Leta ya Vatikani ribivuga, afite ububasha bwose bw’ubuyobozi, harimo ububasha bw’itegeko, ubwo guca imanza, n’ubwo gucunga imikorere ya Leta ya Vatikani, igihugu cyigenga gifitanye umubano n’ibihugu birenga 175.
Anayoboye kandi ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Kiliziya Gatolika buzwi nka “Holy See”.
Paul Hunker, umunyamategeko wa Amerika mu by’ubuhungiro akaba n’Umukirisitu Gatolika, yabwiye CAN dukesha iyi nkuru ko amategeko ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, by’umwihariko mu ngingo ya 8 U.S. Code § 1481, asobanura neza uburyo Umunyamerika ashobora gutakaza ubwenegihugu bwe.
Muri ibyo harimo: kugambanira igihugu, gufata ubwenegihugu bw’ahandi, cyangwa kwemera kuyobora igihugu cy’amahanga nka Perezida cyangwa Umwami.
Ariko ibyo byose bigomba gukorwa ku bushake kandi ubyemera ashingiye ku ntego yo gusezera ku bwenegihugu bwa Amerika.
Ikigo gishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga bya Amerika kivuga ko kuri yo, Umunyamerika wemeye kuyobora igihugu cy’amahanga aba agifite ubwenegihugu bwa Amerika, keretse iyo bigaragajwe neza kandi ku mugaragaro ko ashaka kuburekura.
Hunker avuga ko, ku bijyanye na Papa Leo XIV, yagombye kubyivugira ubwe imbere ya ambasaderi wa Amerika i Roma niba ashaka gusezera ku bwenegihugu bwe nk’Umunyamerika, ibintu kugeza ubu Papa Leo ataratangaza.
Hunker yagize ati “Iyo umuntu atavuze ko agambiriye kurekura ubwenegihugu, ntabwo aba abutakaje. Ni ikintu cyiza ku gihugu cyacu: iyo wavukiye mu gihugu, Leta ntishobora kukwirukana keretse ubishatse ubwawe.”
Ariko kandi, Ikigo gishinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga kivuga ko gishobora gusuzuma by’umwihariko ibirebana n’Umunyamerika watorewe cyangwa wagizwe umukuru w’igihugu cy’amahanga, kuko ibyo bishobora gukurura ibibazo bigoye mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, nk’uko biri no ku bijyanye n’ubudahangarwa (immunity) uwo muntu yaba afite ku mategeko ya Amerika.
Icyemezo ku bijyanye n’ubwenegihugu bwa Papa Leo kizafatwa n’inzego zibishinzwe. Ariko ku rundi ruhande, nk’Umunyamerika utuye mu mahanga, Papa Leo ashobora gukomeza gusabwa gutanga imisoro ku nyungu yinjiza, nk’uko abenegihugu ba Amerika baba mu mahanga babisabwa, ibintu bitigeze bibaho ku bapapa baheruka, kuko ibihugu nk’u Budage, Polonye na Argentine bidakurikirana abasohotse imipaka.
Ibi bishobora gutuma hakenerwa urwandiko rwihariye rutangwa n’Ikigo cy’imisoro cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (IRS), cyangwa itegeko ryihariye riturutse mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko, nk’uko Washington Post yabitangaje.
Bite by’ubwenegihugu bwa Peru Papa Leo afite?
Ku rundi ruhande, Itegeko Nshinga rya Peru rivuga ko ubwenegihugu butakara gusa iyo ubufite abwiyambuye ku mugaragaro imbere y’inzego za Leta Peru. Bityo, nk’uko bimeze ku bwenegihugu bwa Amerika, Papa Leo azabugumana igihe cyose atatangaje ko abwiyambuye.
Ese ubu Papa Leo afite ubwenegihugu bwa Vatikani? Yego, ariko si uko bisanzwe bizwi.
Andrea Gagliarducci, umusesenguzi wa Vatikani kuri CNA, yavuze ko Papa Leo ashobora kuba yarahawe pasiporo ya Vatikani nk’uko bigenwa ku bakaridinali n’abandi bayobozi ba Vatikani, ibyo bikamuha ubwenegihugu bushingiye ku nshingano (functional citizenship).
Ariko kandi, Gagliarducci yongeraho ko, hakurikijwe amategeko ya Kiliziya, atari byo kuvuga ko Papa ari “umwenegihugu” wa Vatikani. Papa ni Vatikani ubwayo.
Gagliarducci ati “Papa si umwenegihugu, ni Vatikani ubwayo. Nta pasiporo akeneye, nta bwenegihugu akeneye, kuko ni we soko y’ubwenegihugu bwose.”
Kubera ubushobozi bwinshi Papa Leo afite nk’umuyobozi wa Kiliziya ndetse nk’umwami wemewe n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Vatikani, nta mpamvu ihari yatuma atagumana ubwenegihugu bwe bw’ibihugu yaturutsemo, kandi hari n’inkuru yabyemeje.
Mu 2014, Papa Fransisiko yahisemo kongeresha pasiporo ye ya Argentina, n’ubwo atigeze asubirayo mu gihe cy’imyaka 12 yamaze ku buyobozi bwa Vatikani.
Gagliarducci yasobanuye ko kuba Papa Fransisiko yaragumanye ubwenegihugu bwa Argentine atari ikintu cyari ngombwa. Ati “Nta kibazo mu kuba ufite izo pasiporo, ariko ntiziba zigikenewe. Vatikani iguha pasiporo yayo, ikemerera ko wagumana izindi zawe.”
Yongeyeho ati “Ariko, ntabwo tugomba kuvuga ngo Papa ni Umunyaperu, cyangwa Umunyamerika. Ni Vatikani. Ni isi yihariye.”
Kugeza ubu, Papa Leo XIV ayoboye Kiliziya Gatolika ifite abakristu basaba miliyari imwe na Miliyoni Magana ane.
