Ku wa 7 Ugushyingo 2024, Minisiteri ishinzwe ibikorwa by’ubutabazi (MINEMA) yashyize ahagaragara raporo ikubiyemo ingamba zafashwe n’u Rwanda mu kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza.
Ni raporo igaragaramo ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda ifite intego yo kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibiza bukava kuri 46% buriho ubu, bukagera kuri 60% mu mwaka wa 2030, mu rwego rwo kugabanya igihombo igihugu giterwa n’ibiza. Ni igihombo kuri ubu kibarirwa hagati ya miliyoni 200 na miliyoni 300 buri mwaka.
Mu gutangaza iyi raporo, Minisitiri w’ibikorwa by’ubutabazi, Maj. Gen (Rtd) Albert Murasira yavuze ko iyi politiki yamaze kwemezwa, bityo asaba abafatanyabikorwa bose kugira uruhare mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo.
Muri iyi nkuru, hagaragaramo ibintu 10 by’ingenzi ukeneye kumenya kuri iyi politiki izafasha kugabanya igihombo giterwa n’ibiza kugeza.
Gukemura inzitizi zikigaragara mu gukumira no kugabanya ibyago biterwa n’ibiza
Iyi politiki nshya yitezweho guhangana n’inzitizi zigaragara mu gukumira no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza.
Muri izo nzitizi harimo; igenamigambi ridahwitse ry’icyaro n’imijyi, kudasobanukirwa neza n’uburyo bwo gukumira no kugabanya ibyago by’ibiza muri sosiyete, kutabasha gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ubuyobozi mu bijyanye n’ibiza mu nzego zose, kutagira ubushobozi buhagije bwo gukurikirana no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo guhangana n’ibiza mu miryango imwe n’imwe, gushidikanya ku buryo bwo gukurikirana ibikorwa byo kugabanya ibyago by’ibiza n’imyitwarire ibikurikira , ubushobozi buke bw’imikorere y’inzego zimwe na zimwe zishinzwe gucunga ibiza, guhuza ibikorwa byo gukumira no kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza, n’ubumenyi buke mu gukumira bo kugabanya ibiza.
Uburyo bwo gutanga umuburo hakiri kare
Politiki nshya izakoreshwa mu guhuza ibikorwa byose by’abafatanyabikorwa, ndetse no kumenya neza ko Abanyarwanda bose bazaba bafite uburyo bwo kumenya amakuru ababurira hakiri kare, bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2027.
Iyi ni ingingo y’ingenzi mu kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza, kuko bizarinda gutakaza ubuzima kandi bikanagabanya ingaruka ku bukungu.
Kugira ngo ubu buryo bwo kuburira hakiri kare buzatange umusaruro, politiki iteganya ko abaturage bari mu byago bagomba kumenyeshwa kare, gushyiraho ubukangurambaga bujyanye n’ubumenyi bwo kwirinda ibyago, gutanga ubutumwa n’amabwiriza ku buryo bwiza kandi buhoraho bwo gukomeza kuba biteguye igihe cyose haba ku bagabo n’abagore.
Gutera inkunga ibikorwa byo gukumira ibyago biterwa n’ibiza
Gushyira mu bikorwa iyi politiki izamara imyaka 7 bizasaba ingengo y’imari ya miliyari 40 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kugira ngo habeho guhuza ibikorwa byo kugabanya ibyago.
Igihe iyi politiki izamara cyahujwe na gahunda mpuzamahanga ‘Sendai Framework’ igamije gukumira ibyago no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza kuva mu mwaka wa 2015 kugeza 2030.
Kongera ubushakashatsi
Ubwoko bw’ibiza byibasira u Rwanda n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bisaba ko habaho uburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa by’igihugu hamwe n’amakuru yatanzwe binyuze mu bushakashatsi n’isuzuma kugira ngo hubakwe igihugu cyihanganira ibiza.
Ibi bizagerwaho hifashishijwe gusuzuma no kuvugurura ahantu hakunze kwibasirwa n’ibiza, guteza imbere ubushakashatsi n’ibimenyetso ku kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza, gucunga ibigo by’amashuri makuru n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, kuzamura ubushobozi bw’inzego za Leta n’abikorera, sosiyete sivile, n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi mu guteza imbere no gukoresha udushya mu ikoranabuhanga twihanganira ibiza, gusuzuma no kugenzura ibikorwaremezo bihoraho kugira ngo umutekano urusheho gukomera.
Kuzamura ikoreshwa ry’ubumenyi gakondo
Iyi politiki iteganya guteza imbere no gukoresha ubumenyi gakondo cyangwa bw’Abanyarwanda mu kugabanya ingaruka no guhangana n’ibiza. Guhuza ubumenyi gakondo na siyansi ngo bizafasha mu gucunga neza ibiza byo mu nsisiro no guteza imbere iterambere rirambye.
Gushimangira imikoranire hagati y’abaturage, abahanga, ndetse n’abashinzwe gufata ibyemezo bishobora kugira uruhare mu guteza imbere ubumenyi bw’Abanyarwanda no gufata ibyemezo bifatika mu gucunga ibiza.
Gushora imari mu bikorwa byo kwitegura ibiza
Iyi nkingi ya politiki yibanze ku igenamigambi no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba mu nzego z’ibanze mu rwego rwo kugabanya ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ibiza no kongera ubushobozi bw’abaturage bafite ibyago kurusha abandi.
Itanga kandi icyerekezo cya politiki mu buryo bwo kongera ingufu mu guhangana n’’ibiza, kwerekana uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza no kubicunga mu nzego z’iterambere, kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza no kugabanya ibibitera, guhuza kugabanya no guhangana n’ibiza muri gahunda y’uburezi bw’igihugu; no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza no gucunga inkunga ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’ibanze.
Gushakira ibisubizo ibiza byambukiranya imipaka
Ibiza ntibigira imipaka cyangwa inzitizi. U Rwanda rusangiye imbibi n’ibihugu bine kandi kugira uburyo bwo gukorana n’ibihugu bituranye bizarushaho gufasha mu gucunga neza ibiza byambukiranya imipaka.
Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, politiki yashyizeho ibintu bigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa. Muri byo harimo gushyiraho uburyo buhuriweho bwo gukusanya, gusesengura no gusangira amakuru ku biza bishobora gutera mu turere duhana imbibi n’imipaka ihuriweho, , gusuzuma no kugerageza gahunda zihuriweho zo gutegura no gukomeza kwita ku biza, no gushyiraho amasezerano ku buryo bw’imikorarnire no guhererekanya amakuru ku byago by’impanuka ku rwego rw’isi n’akarere.
Kwinjiza imicungire y’ibiza mu rwego rw’uburezi
Iyi politiki izafasha mu gukumira no kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa n’ibiza binyuze muri gahunda y’uburezi bw’igihugu.
Umuryango ushingiye ku bumenyi, niyo ntego y’igihe kirekire ya Guverinoma y’u Rwanda, aho uburezi bwemewe buba ari uburyo nyamukuru bwo kubigeraho.
Kugira ngo igihugu kigire abaturage bafite ubumenyi mu gukumira no kugabanya ibyago by’ibiza, ni ngombwa ko amasomo yose mu rwego rw’uburezi ashyira imbere ikijyanye no gukumira no kugabanya ibyago biterwa n’ibiza.
Mu kugera kuri iyi ntego, politiki ivuga ko ari ngombwa ko gukumira ibiza bishyirwa mu buryo bw’amasomo y’uburezi ndetse no guteza imbere ubumenyi ku bijyanye no kwihanganira ibiza ndetse n’iterambere rirambye ry’uburezi.
Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubona imari yo gutera Inkunga
Ibigo bya Leta usanga ahanini bishingira cyane ku ngengo y’imari isubirwamo buri mwaka kugira ngo bibashe guhangana n’ibiza, ariko akenshi iyi ngengo y’imari ntiba ihagije ngo ibashe guhangana n’ibiciro bisabwa mu guhangana n’ibyago by’ibiza.
Uburyo bwo kubona inkunga yo kugabanya ibyago biterwa n’ibiza no gucunga ibiza ku rwego rw’igihugu bugomba gushingira ku buryo bwagutse bwerekana inzira yo kubona no gucunga inkunga kugira ngo ibikorwa byo gukumira no kugabanya ibyago biterwa n’ibiza bishobore gushyirwa mu bikorwa.
Ibi bizagerwaho binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo bw’igihugu bwo kubona inkunga, ndetse no gukangurira abikorera, Imiryango itari iya Leta (NGOs), Ibigo by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye n’Abaterankunga mu iterambere kugira uruhare mu gushyigikiraho inkunga zo gukumira no kugabanya ibyago biterwa n’ibiza.
Gushyiraho ikigo gishinzwe gutabara vuba mu gihe cy’ibyago
Politiki izafasha gushimangira uburyo bwo kwitegura ibihe by’ibiza no kwemeza uburyo bwiza bwo gutabara.
Leta izashyiraho ikigo gishinzwe gutabara mu gihe cy’ibyago gikora amasaha 24/24, iminsi 7/7 kugira ngo gihuze neza ibikorwa byo gutabara mu gihe cy’ibyago, gishyireho kandi uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’ibiza, hamwe no gushyiraho urubuga rw’amakuru yihariye ku ngaruka n’ibyago biterwa n’ibiza.