Impuguke mu mirire ziraburira abantu ko gukoresha umunyu mwinshi bishyira ubuzima bwa miliyoni z’abantu mu kaga.
Mu cyumweru mpuzamahanga cyahariwe kuzirikana ingaruka z’umunyu, cyizihizwa kuva tariki ya 12 kugeza ku ya 18 Gicurasi, abaturage barakangurirwa kumenya ububi bwo gukoresha umunyu birenze urugero.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) ritangaza ko buri mwaka abantu bagera kuri miliyoni ebyiri bapfa bazize indwara zifitanye isano no kurya umunyu mwinshi.
Nubwo umunyu ari ingenzi mu mikorere y’imitsi, mu gutwara ubutumwa hagati y’imyakura, no mu kugumana uburinganire bw’amazi mu mubiri, kuwurya birenze urugero, by’umwihariko uturuka mu biribwa byatunganijwe, bitera ibibazo bikomeye birimo umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, indwara z’impyiko, ndetse na kanseri.
OMS isaba ko umuntu atarenza garama enye z’umunyu ku munsi, bingana n’akayiko kamwe. Ibi kandi bishyigikiwe n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC) na Minisiteri y’Ubuzima nk’icyemezo gishingiye ku bushakashatsi bwerekana ko umunyu mwinshi ufitanye isano n’indwara zitandura.
Nk’uko Private Kamanzi, Umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’Abahanga mu mirire mu Rwanda (RNS), yabisobanuriye TNT, “Kurya umunyu urenze uwo usabwa bitera ibibazo mu mubiri, nubwo atari ako kanya, ariko bigira ingaruka zikomeye mu gihe kirekire.”
Yakomeje asobanura ko umubiri ukeneye imyunyu ngugu nka sodium na chloride, igize umunyu, ariko iyo byiyongereye cyane, bitera ibibazo. Ikimenyetso cya mbere gikunze kuboneka ni ukwibikamo amazi.
Kamanzi ati “Iyo urwego rwa sodium ruzamutse mu mubiri, impyiko zitangira kubika amazi menshi kugira ngo zigerageze kubungabunga uburinganire. Ibyo bishobora gutera kubyimba amaguru no kugora impyiko zikagenda zinanirwa.”
Iyo impyiko zinaniwe, bishobora kurangira zipfuye burundu. Nanone kandi, amazi yibitse mu mubiri, uko akomeza kwiyongera biteza igitutu imitsi y’amaraso, bikaba intandaro y’umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso.
Ati “Umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso ni imwe mu ngaruka zikomeye zo kurya umunyu mwinshi. Nubwo ushobora kutagira ibimenyetso by’ako kanya, ugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutera indwara z’umutima n’udutsi two mu bwonko, ari byo bihitana abantu benshi ku isi.”
Kamanzi anagaragaza ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’Ishuri Rikuru rya Harvard ryita ku Buzima rusange, bwagaragaje ko abantu barenza garama enye z’umunyu ku munsi baba bafite ibyago bingana na 68% byo kurwara kanseri y’igifu. Ubwo bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umunyu ushobora kwangiza uruhu rw’imbere mu gifu, bigatuma haduka kanseri.
Nubwo umunyu ukenewe mu mikorere myiza y’umubiri, nk’ifatika ry’imikaya no gutambutsa ubutumwa mu miyoboro y’imyakura, ugomba gukoreshwa mu rugero.
Mu Rwanda, umunyu ucuruzwa uba warongereweho iodine (potassium iodide), nk’uko biteganywa na politiki ya Leta yo gukumira indwara ziterwa n’iyodi nke, nka kanseri y’udutsi two ku muhogo (goitre).
Kamanzi anihanangiriza abantu bareka kurya umunyu burundu kandi atari icyemezo bategetswe na muganga.
Ati “Hari abo twabonye bagize ibibazo bikomeye nk’imikaya idakora neza, kuzungera, ndetse n’ibibazo by’umutima kubera guhagarika umunyu burundu.”
Yasabye abantu ko aho kureka umunyu burundu, ahubwo bakwiye kuwugabanya no kugisha inama inzobere mu mirire zizewe.
Ati “Icy’ingenzi ni ukugira urugero. Umunyu mwinshi urangiza, ariko na mucye cyane ushobora guteza ibibazo.”
Martine Umuhire, inzobere mu mirire muri Nutri-Santé Rwanda, ivuriro rikorera i Kigali, nawe yabwiye TNT ko umunyu mwinshi ushobora gutuma imiti imwe n’imwe idakora neza.
Ati “Ku bantu bafata imiti y’umuvuduko w’amaraso cyangwa iyongera gukora kw’impyiko (diurétiques), kurya umunyu mwinshi bituma iyo miti itagira icyo imarira kuko amazi yagombaga gusohoka yibika mu mubiri.”
Yanavuze ko kurya sodium nyinshi bigira izindi ngaruka zirimo ; kwangirika kw’amagufwa (osteoporosis), kwangirika k’urusobe rw’ingingo zo mu gifu, ndetse no kuribwa mu nda.
Ati “Sodium nyinshi ishobora gutera udusebe mu gifu, kubyimba mu nda, n’izamuka ry’ibiro bitewe no kubika amazi menshi mu mubiri.”
Ishami rya Loni ryita ku buzima (WHO) ritanga inama zafasha abantu kugabanya umunyu mu mirire harimo ; kwitondera kurya sodium nyinshi nibura hagati ya miligarama 120 na garama 100, kugabanya ifarini, inyama, amavuta, ibiryo bitekeweho (fastfood), gukoresha indimu, tungurusumu, ibitunguru cyangwa ibindi birungo bisanzwe aho gukoresha umunyu igihe utetse.
Nubwo sodium ari ingenzi, OMS ivuga ko kuyibura mu mubiri ku bantu bazima ari ibintu bidakunze kubaho, kuko ibiribwa bisanzwe nk’amata, inyama n’ibiva mu mazi bibamo iyo myunyu ihagije.
Impuguke zisoza zivuga ko ahanini umunyu wica abantu uturuka mu biribwa bipfunyitse n’ibyatunganyirijwe mu nganda, harimo imigati, inyama zumye, chips, soya sauce n’ibindi.
