Mu Rwanda, urugendo rwo kugeza ubutumwa ku bo bugenewe rugizwe n’amateka maremare, aho mbere y’umwaduko w’abazungu umuntu yabwiraga intumwa amagambo, akagenda akayasubiriramo uwo amutumyeho.
Aho amashuri aziye, Abanyarwanda bakamenya kwandika, havutse ubundi buryo bwo kohererezanya ubutumwa, aho umuntu yashakaga ikaramu n’urupapuro akandikira uwo ageneye ubutumwa, hanyuma agashyira mu ibahasha aho bishoboka, akayiha intumwa iyigeza ku wo igenewe.
Mu 1920, ni bwo serivise y’iposita yageze mu Rwanda, n’ubwo yari imaze imyaka amagana n’amagana itangiye ku isi. Icyo gihe, yatangiriye mu mujyi wa Kigali, Akarere ka Nyarugenge, ahubatse inzu yitwa Makuza Peace Plaza.
Aha naho yaje kuhava yimukira ku Kacyiru-Kimihurura, ahubatse Kigali Heights uyu munsi. Kuri ubu, Iposita yimukiye iruhande rw’inzu yitwa Panafrica, ugana kuri Kiriziya ya Sainte Famille.
Iposita imaze kuza, ni bwo ababishoboye batangiye noneho guha ubutumwa ikigo cy’iposita kibegereye, kikabugeza ku babugenewe urugo ku rundi.
Hamwe n’iposita icyakora, ingendo zambukiranya uturere n’intara, zagiye ziyongera, maze umuntu akaba yahitamo guha ibaruwa abagiye mu modoka bashobora kubahera ubutumwa abo bashaka imbona nkubone.
Mu w’1998, telefoni zigendanwa zageze mu Rwanda, maze gahoro gahoro iposita itangira urugendo rw’amazamuka, itakaza ubutware bwo kuba “intumwa rukumbi idatenguha.”
Telefone zimaze kwiyongera mu gihugu nibwo iposita yabaye nk’ita agaciro isigara ikoreshwa n’abantu bake kuko bimwe mubyo iposita yakoraga nko kohereza ubutumwa (message) byari bisigaye bikorwa na telefone.
Umunyamakuru Jean Baptiste Karegeya Omar, akaba n’umwe mu bakoresheje iposita cyane mu gihe cyashize avuga ko ikoranabuhanga ari ryo ryatumye iposita ita agaciro.
Agira ati “Ikoranabuhanga rigizwe na: Telefone mobile, Email, imbuga nkoranyambaga, ibigo by’imodoka zitwara abagenzi biri ku isonga mu byatumye iyi serivisi ita agaciro.”
Karegeya avuga ko Iposita yari ikigo kigengwa na Minisiteri y’ubwikorezi n’itumanaho (Minitransco), igakoreshwa mu guhererekanya ubutumwa, ariko byagiye bizima gahoro gahoro uko ikoranabuhanga ryagiye rikwirakwira mu gihugu.
Kwizera Prosper na we wakoresheje iposita mu bihe byashize, we avuga ko mu myaka hafi cumi n’itanu ishize, ari ho iposita yatangiye kuva mu ruhando rw’itumanaho rikenerwa cyane.
Agira ati “N’ubu iposita iracyakora ariko si nka mbere. Muri 2010, telefone zari zikiri nkeya, ku buryo iposita yari igikoreshwa. Ariko nyuma yaho, telephone zimaze gukwirakwira, iposita yabaye nk’iyibagirana.”
Avuga ku byatumye iposita igenda iva mu kibuga cy’itumanaho, Kwizera yagize ati “Nk’ubu ukoresha telefone ukohereza ubutumwa bukagera ku wo bugenewe mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya, mu gihe ku iposita ubutumwa bwashoboraga no kumara ukwezi mu nzira.”
Aha ni ho Kwizera ahera avuga ko kudakoresha iposita atari igihombo, kuko haje ikoranabuhanga riyirenzeho.
Ibi abihurizaho na Soeur Pelagie Musabyimana, umubikira wiga mu ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi na we wakoresheje iposita mu bihe byo hambere.
Ati” Uyu munsi mbona ko iposita isigaranye gusa umumaro wo gutwara ibintu bifatika nk’impapuro n’ibindi, cyane cyane ibijya mu mahanga.”
Mu kiganiro na ICK News Umukundwa Marie Immaculee umuyobozi w’iposita ya Muhanga avuga ko iposita ari ikigo cya leta ariko gifite umwihariko wo kwigenga cyane ko ariyo ihemba abakozi bayo.
Ati “Iposita kera yari iyo gutwara ubutumwa bw’amabaruwa n’ubutumwa bw’amafaranga (mandat postal) . Gusa izi manda zo zarahagaze ariko ubutumwa bw’amafaranga, kubitsa no kubikuza birakomeza.”
Uyu munsi rero, amabaruwa atangwa akenshi ngo ni ajya mu buyobozi, ndetse n’asaba amashuri.
Byongeye, ngo hari n’inyandiko z’abantu bafitanye ibibazo bakeneye ko babona ibimenyetso mu nkiko kuko iposita nk’ikigo k’igihugu gikorera ku isi hose, ifite ububasha nk’ubw’abahesha b’inkiko.
Aha rero, ngo umwihariko iposita isigaranye ni ukohereza ubutumwa buremereye, ibikarito, impano, ibicuruzwa n’ibindi.
Umukundwa akomeza avuga ko hari ibyagiye bihinduka mu mikorere yayo bitewe n’iterambere bityo bimwe mubyo yakoraga bikaba byaragabanutse.
Ati “Sinavuga ko ikoranabuhanga ryasimbuye iposita nk’uko abantu bakunze kubivuga, ahubwo ryayifashije gukora neza kuko iyo wohereje ubutumwa ubasha kubukurikirana ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga ukamenya ko bwageze kuwo bugenewe. Uyu munsi, iyo ubutumwa bugiye, dukurikirana ko bwageze ku wo bugenewe dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga.”
Umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’amaposita ku rwego rw’igihugu Kayitare Celestin na we avuga ko iposita idateze guhagarara, aho agira ati “Ntabwo ikoranabuhanga ryasimbuye iposita ahubwo ryayifashije kunoza imikorere yayo.”
Ibizakumburwa n’abakoresheje iposita
N’ubwo Iposita igenda isimburwa n’izindi serivise z’ikoranabuhanga, hari byinshi abayikoresheje mu gihe cya cyera bazayibukira ho.
Karegeya Omar yibuka uburyo gutegereza ubutumwa buva mu iposita byaryohaga, aho agira ati “Mu gihe cyacu ubwo nari nkiri mu ishuri, iyo imodoka yajyaga i Kigali, twarayitegerezaga ngo baduhe amabaruwa batuzaniye. Iyo yazaga, umuyobozi w’ikigo ntiyashoboraga kwinjira mu biro atabanje gutanga ayo mabaruwa kuko abanyeshuri babaga bariraye. Iyo wasangaga batakwandikiye wumvaga ubabaye cyane.”
Mu rurimi rwa kinyeshuri rw’icyo gihe, kubona ubutumwa bwoherejwe n’umuryango cyangwa inshuti, babyitaga ku kurosova (recevoir). Iri ni ijambo ry’igifaransa risobanuye “kwakira’.
Ibaruwa kandi ngo zatangirwaga mu ruhame. Habagamo iz’ababyeyi, iz’abavandimwe, n’inshuti. Gutanga amafaranga ya manda, byakorwaga n’umucungamutungo (intendant) wenyine.
Timbres, ari two dupapuro twomekwaga ku ibahasha kugira ngo ibone kugezwa aho ijya, zagurishwaga ku wa Gatanu nyuma ya saa sita, amabaruwa akandikwa kuwa gatandatu, hanyuma ku cyumweru agatangwa mu buyobozi.
Kuwa mbere ni ho bajyanaga ya mabaruwa ku iposita, bakagarurira abanyeshuri ayo bandikiwe.
Aha kandi, Timbres ngo zagurishwaga n’abaskuti cyangwa abasaveri na Croix Rouge, kandi ubu bucuruzi ngo bwabagamo umubyigano kuko hari ubwo zabaga nke.
Icyakora ngo uzigurisha yashoboraga kubikira inshuti ye, cyangwa akayiha nyinshi ntizongere kubyigana. Uwandikaga amabaruwa menshi yashoboraga kutayohereza kubera kubura timbres gusa byarababazaga cyane kwandika ibaruwa ntigende.
Mu gihe rero bamwe batayizi, ndetse bumva ko nta cyo bayikeneyeho, abenshi bazakumbura serivise zayo badateze kuzabona ahandi. Icyakora, Iposita hari n’ibyo isigaranye irindi koranabuhanga ridafite. Gutanga serivise zikenewe ku bashaka ibimenyetso byo mu butegetsi nabyo, ni umwihariko ukomeye utatuma iposita isibangana.