Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero (Basilica Sancti Petri) ni imwe muri kiliziya zikomeye ku isi, ikaba ifite amateka akomeye n’icyubahiro gikomeye muri Kiliziya Gatolika.
Iyi kiliziya nini ku isi kandi y’amateka, iherereye ku cyicaro cya Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi i Vatikani, ari naho hatuye Umushimba wa Kiliziya.
Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero yubatswe hagati y’imyaka ya 1506 na 1626, bivuze ko yamaze imyaka igera kuri 120 yubakwa.
Yatangijwe ku buyobozi bwa Papa Julius II, isozwa mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Papa Urban VIII.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyayo cyakozwe n’abahanga mu bwubatsi barimo Donato Bramante, Michelangelo, Carlo Maderno na Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Mbere y’iyo bazilika ya none, hari indi yari yarubatswe mu kinyejana cya 4 n’Umwami w’abami Constantin ahantu bivugwa ko hari hashyinguwe Mutagatifu Petero, umwe mu ntumwa za Yezu.
Kubera ko iyo nyubako yari ishaje, ni bwo hafashwe icyemezo cyo kuyisenya maze hubakwa iyi nshya tubona uyu munsi wa none.
Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero ifite ubunini butangaje kuko ifite uburebure bwa metero 220, ubugari bwa metero 150, naho umunara wayo ufite metero 136.
Igisenge cyayo (Dome) ni kimwe mu bice byayo bikurura ba mukerarugendo benshi kikaba cyarashushanyijwe na Michelangelo.
Amashusho ari muri iyi bazilika nayo atangarirwa na benshi hashingiwe ku kuntu akomeye. Abanyabugeni barimo na Bernini na Michelangelo nibo bagize uruhare mu kuyakora.
Iyi bazilika ifatwa nk’icyicaro cy’Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi, ifite icyubahiro kidasanzwe kuko ari yo yakira ibirori by’ingenzi bya Kiliziya.
Nubwo kubona agaciro k’ukuri ka Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero bigoye kubera uburyo yagiye yubakwa igihe kirekire no kuba ifite agaciro gakomeye mu bijyanye n’umuco n’amateka, abahanga mu by’ubwubatsi n’ubukungu bayibarira agaciro k’arenga miliyari 2 z’amadolari y’Amerika.
Icyakora kuko iyi kiliziya ari umutungo wa Kiliziya Gatolika, ntigurishwa cyangwa ngo ibe igira agaciro nk’inyubako isanzwe.
Bimwe mu bice by’ingenzi by’iyi bazilika birimo; Igisenge (Dome), shapeli zitandukanye, igice kireba kuri alitari (Nave), Alitari nziza, ahashyinguye ba Papa benshi barimo na Mutagatifu Petero (crypt) n’Urwibutso rwa Mutagatifu Petero.
Uretse Misa zibera muri Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero, akenshi ziyoborwa na Papa, iyi bazilika inaberamo ibikorwa byinshi birimo ubutumwa bwa papa, ubukerarugendo no gusura ahari imva zirimo imibiri y’abapapa.
Ibi biri mu bituma iyi bazilika iri mu hantu hakurura ba mukerarugendo benshi ku isi.
Imbere ya Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero hari imbuga nini yitwa Imbuga ya Mutagatifu Petero (St. Peter’s Square).
Iyi mbuga yateguwe na Gian Lorenzo Bernini mu kinyejana cya 17, ikaba ifite umwihariko w’imitere yayo izengurutswe n’inkingi nini zigera kuri 284 hamwe n’amashusho y’abatagatifu 140.
Uretse ibi, iyi mbuga irimo n’umunara ‘Obelisk’ ufite metero 25 z’uburebure, ukaba warazanywe i Roma n’Umwami w’abami Caligula mu kinyejana cya 1.
Harimo kandi amasoko (Fauntains) abiri y’amazi yubakiye neza, akaba yubatse ku mpande z’imbuga. Izi fountains zakozwe n’abanyabugeni barimo Carlo Maderno na Gian Lorenzo Bernini.
Muri iyi mbuga niho Papa asomera misa zihuza imbaga nini y’abantu, ndetse ni naho aba avugira ijambo rye ryo ku cyumweru rizwi nka Angelus.
Mu mwaka wa 2017, i Vatikani hashyizweho ishusho yiswe Angels Unawares, igaragaza abimukira baturutse mu bice bitandukanye ku isi. Iyi shusho yakozwe na Timothy Schmalz, igaragaza abantu 140 barimo abimukira n’impunzi.
Uretse uruhare runini mu gutanga ubutumwa ku bimukira, Vatikani ifite gahunda zitandukanye zo gufasha abimukira, zirimo gushyigikira impunzi binyuze mu mashuri n’amavuriro ndetse no gutanga ubutumwa busaba ibihugu kubafata neza.
Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero ni inyubako idasanzwe mu mateka ya Kiliziya Gatolika no mu by’ubwubatsi muri rusange. Agaciro kayo karenze amafaranga kuko ari igicumbi cy’ukwemera kw’abasaga miliyari imwe na miliyoni Magana atatu. Uretse kuba igicumbi cy’iyobokamana, ni n’ikirango cy’ubuhanzi, umuco n’amateka y’isi.
