Amakuru y’inyongera: ISHIMWE Jean D’Amour
Ku mugoroba wo kuri uyu wa Gatanu, tariki ya 27 Nzeri 2024, Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (Minisante) yatangaje ko mu Rwanda habonetse abarwayi bafite ibimenyetso by’indwara y’umuriro mwinshi iterwa na virusi ya Marburg.
Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yatangaje ko hataramenyekana inkomoko y’iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa no gukora ku maraso n’amatembabuzi y’abantu bayirwaye.
Minisante yatangaje ko uwo ari we wese wagaragaza ibimenyetso byayo ari byo kugira umuriro mwinshi, umutwe ukabije, kuruka, kuribwa mu mitsi, cyangwa kuribwa mu nda, yahamagara Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC) kuri nimero 114 cyangwa akegera ivuriro rimwegereye.
Muri iyi nkuru, ICK News yakusanyije ibyo wamenya kuri iyi ndwara mu rwego rwo gufasha Abanyarwanda gukomeza kwirinda iyi ndwara nk’uko Ministeri y’Ubuzima ibisaba.
Virusi ya Marburg ni icyorezo kiri mu cyiciro cy’ibindi bikomeye nka Ebola. Yamenyekanye cyane mu 1967 mu mijyi ya Marburg na Frankfurt mu Budage ndetse no mu mujyi wa Belgrade muri Serbia.
Ibindi byorezo bya Marburg byagiye bigaragara mu bihe bitandukanye mu bihugu nka Angola, RDC, Kenya, Afurika y’Epfo na Uganda.
Umwaka ushize mu kwezi kwa kabiri, iki cyorezo cyagaragaye muri Tanzania.
Icyorezo cya Marburg ni indwara ikomeye kandi ihitana abantu bayanduye ku kigero cya 90% mu gihe uwayirwaye atitaweho neza. Kugeza ubu ikigereranyo cy’impfu ziterwa na virusi ya Marburg ni 50%, dore ko ubu ibyorezo byica abantu byazamutse bikava kuri 24% bikaba bigeze kuri 88%.
Bivugwa ko iki cyorezo cyakwirakwijwe n’abahanga mu by’ubutabire binyuze mu mirimo y’ubushakashatsi bakoraga kuri icyi cyorezo bwakorerwaga muma laboratoire, bakabukorera ku nkende zo mu bwoko bw’icyatsi zavanwaga mu gihugu cya Uganda, ibi byaje gutuma iyi ndwara itangira gusakara mu nyamanswa nyinshi zo ku mugabane wa afurika mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Kenya, Angola, Afurika yepfo, Zimbabwe na Uganda, iyi ndwara yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Afurika binyuze mu bakerarugendo bari barahuye nizo nyamanswa zari zaranduye.
Uko iyi ndwara ikwirakwira
Iyi ndwara ikwirakwizwa binyuze mu gukora ku matembabuzi cyangwa amaraso y’uwayanduye, guhuza umubiri n’uwayanduye cyane cyane mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, gusomana cyangwa mu bindi bikorwa byose byatuma amaraso, ururenda cyangwa andi mazi ayariyo yose yo mu mubiri w’uwanduye agera ku wundi muntu.
Ahandi iyi ndwara yandurira ni mu gutizanya ibikoresho birimo imyenda cyangwa ikindi kintu cyose cyagezweho n’amaraso cyangwa amatembabuzi y’uwanduye iyi ndwara.
Abakozi bashinzwe kwita ku barwayi nabo bashobora kwandura iyi ndwara mu gihe bavura abarwayi bakekwaho cyangwa bamaze kwandura iyi ndwara ya Marbur, ibi biba binyuze mu guhura cyane cyane n’abarwayi mu mu gihe ingamba zo kwirinda iyi ndwara zitakurikijwe neza.
Iyi ndwara kandi ishobora kwandura mu gihe ibikoresho byakoreshjwe mu kuyivura birimo: inshinge, ibiryamirwa n’ibindi byose byakozweho n’abarwaye iyi ndwara bidashyizwe kure y’abantu cyangwa ngo bitwikwe.
Ahandi iyi ndwara ishobora kwandurira ni mu muhango wo gushyingura uwaba wahitanwe n’iki cyorezo, mu gihe abantu baba bakoze ku mubiri w’uwo iyi ndwara yahitanye batakoresheje ubwirinzi.
Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara
Ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara bitangira kugaragara hagati y’iminsi 2 na 21. Ibyo bimenyetso birimo umuriro udasanzwe kandi mwinshi, kunanirwa cyane no kubabara umutwe bikabije, kubabara mu ngingo zitandukanye cyane cyane mu mitsi, impiswi ziza mu buryo bw’amazi, kuribwa munda, isesemi no kuruka, kugwamo imbere kw’amaso no gukanyarara mw’isura.
Ibi bimenyetso akenshi bitangira hagati y’iminsi 2 ni 7 mu gihe umuntu yanduye iyi ndwara, impiswi zishobora gufata igihe kingana n’icyumweru cyose, ikindi kimenyetso gikomeye ni ukuva kw’amaraso bikabije mu bice bitandukanye by’umubiri birimo n’imyanya ndagagitsina.
Ibi bishobora gufata igihe kirekire, mu gihe iki kimeyetso cyatinda ku wanduye iyi ndwara bishobora kumuviramo urupfu vuba bidatinze. Mu gihe iyi ndwara yafashe igihe kirekire uwayirwaye atangira guhungabana mu bwonko, rimwe na rimwe bimuviramo uburakari budasazwe, ndetse no kwiheba.
Uwagaraweho iyi ndwara ashobora gupfa mu gihe cy’iminsi 15, mu gihe umurwayi wagize ibimenyetso byo gutakaza amaraso we ashobora gupfa mu gihe cy’iminsi 8 ni 9.
Uko ivurwa n’imiti ikoreshwa kugeza ubu
Kugeza ubu nta nkingo cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana yemewe ya Marbur (MVD), gusa hari bumwe mu bufasha buhabwa uwagaragaweho iyi ndwara burimo, kongerera imbaraga abasirikare b’umubiri, kongera amaraso mu gihe umurwayi yagize ikibazo cyo kuyatakaza, kongerera umubiri amazi mu rwego rwo kongera amatembabuzi.
Hari inkingo ziri kugeragezwa zakozwe n’ibigo bikomeye mu by’ubuvuzi aribyo Remdesivir na Favipiravir. Izi nkingo mu myaka yashize zifashishijwe mu kurwanya icyorezo cya Ebola hakaba hari amahirwe ko zanavura icyorezo cya Marbur.
Uko iyi ndwara yakwirindwa
Abahanga mu buvuzi bavuga ko iki cyorezo cyakirindwa binyuze mu kwita ku muntu wese waba waketsweho iyi ndwara, gutanga amakuru ku muntu wese waba watangiye kugaragaza bimwe mu bimenyetso by’iyi ndwara, gukora ubukangurambaga mu baturage, kwirinda kujya ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi, kwambara uturinda ntoki, kwambara udupfukamunwa mu gihe ugiye ahantu hateraniye abantu benshi, gupima abantu bambukiranya imipaka, kwirinda gukora ibikorwa bihuza imibiri cyane cyane imibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) isaba abagabo, yaba uwagaragayeho ibimenyetso cyangwa uwakize iyi ndwara kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye mu gihe kingana n’amezi 12, no mu gihe atarajya gupimisha intanga ngabo ze.
Ibindi bisabwa mu kwirinda iyi ndwara, harimo gushyira mu kato uwaba wagaragaweho iyi ndwara, kugira isuku no gukaraba amazi meza n’isabune.
Abaforomo cyangwa abaganga bita ku barwayi barasabwa gushyiraho ingamba zikarishye z’ubwirinzi bw’iyi ndwara mu gihe bahuye n’ukekwaho iyi ndwara cyangwa uwayanduye.
Gupima cyangwa kuvura iyi ndwara bigomba gukorwa n’abakozi bahuguwe kandi bafite ubumenyi buhagije kuri iyi ndwara.
Mu bitaro bitandukanye mu Rwanda hamaze kugaragara abarwayi bake bafite ibimenyetso by’indwara ya Marburg. Mu gihe hagikorwa iperereza rigamije kumenya inkomoko y’iyi ndwara, habaye hashyizweho ingamba zo kuyirinda no kuyikumira mu bitaro no mu bigo nderabuzima bitandukanye.
Hatangiye kandi igikorwa cyo kumenya abagiye bahura n’abagaragaweho n’iyi virusi, mu gihe abarwayi bakomeje kwitabwaho n’abaganga.
Akenshi biragorana gutandukanya iyi ndwara ya Marbour n’izindi ndwara zandura nka Malariya, tifoyide, shigelloses, meningite, n’izindi ndwara ziterwa na virusi. Kwemeza ibi bimenyetso biterwa no kwandura virusi ya Marbourg bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima iyi ndwara.