Kuri uyu wa Kabiri, tariki ya 5 Ugushyingo, abaturage bagera mu ma miliyoni z’Abanyamerika baratora Umukuru w’Igihugu.
Ni amatora ahanzwe amaso cyane n’ingeri z’abantu banyuranye hirya no hino ku isi kuko ibiyavamo biba byitezweho kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu na politiki mpuzamahanga.
Uretse ibi kandi, abasesenguzi banavuga ko aya matora ashobora kugira ingaruka ku bibazo mpuzamahanga bitandukanye birimo ihindagurika ry’ikirere, umutekano n’ibindi.
Uyu mwaka, umukandida w’ishyaka ry’Abarepubulika ni uwahoze ari perezida Donald Trump mu gihe umukandida w’ishyaka ry’Abademokarate ari Visi Perezida Kamala Harris.
Harris yagizwe umukandida w’Abademokarate muri Kanama nyuma y’uko Perezida Joe Biden atangaje ko adashaka kongera kwiyamamariza kuyobora Amerika.
Aba bakandida bombi bamaze iminsi mu rugendo rwo kwiyamamaza ndetse impande zose zari zishyigikiwe n’ibyamamare binyuranye kuko nko ku ruhande rwa Trump, yari ashyigikiwe bikomeye n’umuherwe wa mbere ku isi, Elon Musk mu gihe Harris yari ashyigikiwe mu buryo bukomeye n’uwahoze ari Perezida wa Amerika Barack Obama.
Iby’ingenzi wamenya ku buryo amatora ya Perezida wa Amerika akorwa
Amatora ya perezida na visi perezida wa Amerika aba buri myaka ine. Ni amatora aza akurikiye urugendo rurerure aho amashyaka abiri akomeye ahitamo uzayahagararira kuva ku muri leta 50 zigize Amerika kugeza ku rwego rw’igihugu.
Ayo mashyaka ni iry’Abademokarate n’iry’Abarepubulikani.
Itariki y’itora rya Perezida wa Amerika ituruka ku itegeko ryashyizweho na Kongere ya Amerika mu 1845 risaba ko leta zigize Amerika zigena abatora (presidential electors) buri myaka ine ku wa Kabiri ukurikiye uwa Mbere wa mbere w’Ugushyingo.
Impamvu hatoranyijwe Ugushyingo ishingiye ku kuba icyo gihe Amerika yari igihugu cy’ubuhinzi cyane, ku buryo gutora muri uku kwezi byoroherezaha abahinzi.
Itorwa rya perezida wa Amerika ntirikorwa hakoreshejwe amajwi asanzwe y’abaturage bose. Ahubwo, amatora ya perezida akoresha uburyo buzwi ku izina rya Electoral College.
Muri ubu buryo, buri leta muri 50 zigize Amerika ihabwa umubare w’amajwi ya Electoral College hakurikijwe umubare w’abayihagarariye muri Kongere ya Amerika. Urugero, California ifite amajwi 54 ya Electoral College mu gihe Wyoming ifite atatu; muri rusange, amajwi yose ya Electoral College ni 538.
Iyo abatora batoye, baba batorera itsinda ry’abatora (electors) rihagarariye umukandida wabo muri leta.
Muri leta nyinshi, umukandida ubonye amajwi menshi mu matora y’abaturage atsindira amajwi yose ya Electoral College y’iyo leta, iki ni cyo bita “winner-takes-all.”
Umukandida agomba kugira amajwi 270 cyangwa arenga ya Electoral College kugira ngo atsindire kuba perezida.
Kuba buri ntara ifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kubara amajwi, ibisubizo by’amatora bishobora kutarangira umunsi w’amatora urangiye, ahubwo bishobora gutinda iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru.
Nyuma y’amatora, abatora bahurira mu murwa mukuru wa leta zabo kugira ngo bashyire mu bikorwa amajwi yabo ya perezida na visi perezida. Muri Mutarama, haterana Kongere igamije kwemeza ibyavuye mu matora.
Muri uyu mwaka, Byitezwe ko ibiva muri aya matora bishingira kuri leta zirindwi zizwi nka ‘swing states’. Izo ni Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada, North Carolina, Pennsylvania na Wisconsin.
Kubara amajwi y’abatoye bakoresheje iposita, n’amajwi y’abasirikare n’Abanyamerika bari hanze y’igihugu, biri mu majwi asanzwe abarurwa nyuma.
Nyuma yo kwemeza uwatsinze, Perezida watowe azatangira imirimo ye nyuma yo kurahira tariki 20 Mutarama 2025 mu mbuga iri imbere y’inteko ishingamategeko i Washington DC.
Uzaba ari umuhango wa 60 wo kurahira kwa perezida mu mateka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Muri uyu muhango, perezida mushya arahirira kubahiriza Itegekoshinga, maze akavuga ijambo yateguye uwo munsi.
Mu myaka yashize, imibare igaragaza ko abatora muri Amerika biyongereye. Muri 2020 abagera kuri miliyoni 158 nibo batoye mu matora ya perezida. Iyi mibare yari ingana na 65.9% by’abafite imyaka yo gutora, ibigaragaza ubwiyongere bukomeye ugereranyije na 59.2% byo muri 2016.