Uko imibereho ya muntu igenda ihindagurika, niko hagenda hagaragara indwara nyinshi zinyuranye ndetse zinafite ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima bwa muntu.
Imwe muri izo ndwara ni izwi nk’agahinda gakabije ‘Depression’, ikaba imwe mu ndwara zirenga 180 zifitanye isano n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Mu kiganiro yagiranye n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Itangazamakuru (RBA) kuri uyu wa Mbere, tariki ya 24 Werurwe 2025, Dr. Darius Gishoma ushinzwe ubuzima bwo mu mutwe mu Kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima (RBC) agaragaza ko inkomoko y’agahinda gakabije ku muntu ishobora guturuka kuri imwe mu mpamvu eshatu z’ingenzi.
Impamvu ya mbere ngo ni ijyanye n’umuryango umuntu akomokamo kuko hari imiryango igira abantu bakunze kugira ikibazo cy’agahinda gakabije.
Dr. Gishoma avuga ko impamvu ya kabiri ari ituruka ku buryo bw’imikorere y’ubwonko aho ngo “Utunyabutabire tumwe tw’ubwonko dukoreshwa mu itumanaho dutwara amakuru ‘New transmitter’ dushobora kuba dukora buhoro.
Indi mpamvu ni ijyanye n’amateka u Rwanda rwanyuzemo aho usanga abantu bashobora kugira agahinda gakabije kubera ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’ibindi bishobora kuba ku bantu byatera indwara y’agahinda gakabije.
Dr. Gishoma akomeza avuga ko agahinda gakabije gatandukanye n’agahinda gasanzwe. Ati “Ubundi kugira agahinda ni ibisanzwe, buri wese arababara ariko ntabwo bihoraho, iyo bihoraho bikamara umwaka, imyaka ibiri bikaba bijyana n’ibindi bimenyetso bitari munsi ya bitanu kugeza ku ikenda ndetse bikajyana no gupfa biba byabaye indwara.”
Avuga ko agahinda gasanzwe gashira mu gihe icyababaje umuntu kirangiye, gusa ngo iyo iyo agahinda gakumyeho umuntu ntavurwe ashobora kubimarana igihe bikaba byagera no ku rwego yumva yakwiyica.
Wabwirwa n’iki ko urwaye agahinda gakabije?
Kumva ufite agahinda gahoraho, mu gitondo saa sita na nimugoroba kandi ibiba ntibigire icyo biguhinduraho nko kuba wahura n’umuntu ukubwira neza ntibibe byatuma agahinda kagabanuka, ukajya gusenga ariko ukumva nta gihinduka ni bimwe mu bigaragaza ko ushobora kuba ufite agahinda gakabije.
Dr. Gishoma akomeza avuga ko kureka ibyo wakundaga ‘loss of interest’ nko kureba umupira, gusohokana n’abandi [….] nabyo biri mu biranga umuntu ufite agahinda gakabije.
Umuntu ufite indwara y’agahinda gakabije kandi arangwa no gutakaza ibyishimo, kurya bikamunanira ‘loss of appetite’, kubura ibitotsi ku buryo umuntu amara igihe asinzira atinze cyangwa se akicura hakiri kare cyane, kubura imbaraga, kugira ibitekerezo byo kwigirira nabi nko gushaka kwiyahura n’ibindi.
Dr. Gishoma ati “Ibyo byose iyo ubibonye, ni byiza ko wajya kwa muganga bakagusuzuma bakareba icyo bagufasha.”
Akomeza agira ati “Umuntu ufite agahinda gakabije ukimubona ubona yariyanze, asa n’unaniwe, ukabona ntakaraba, ntiyambaye cyangwa se yaba asanzwe yambara neza ukabona yambaye imyenda nawe ureba ukabona hari ikitagenda. umuntu ufite iyi ndwara ntabwo yiyitaho, aba asa n’uwirambiwe yumva kubaho ntacyo bimaze, yumva ko kutabaho aribyo byamubera byiza.”
“Hari ubwo ashakisha umuti, urugero niba ashaka kuruhuka akavuga ati ndinywera inzoga (alcohol) yamara kuyinywa ntashobore kwigenzura inzira y’ubusambanyi ikaziramo, kutiha agaciro no kutagaha ubuzima bwe, ibyo byose bigatuma yinjira mu buzima budafite umumaro cyane ko aba yumva gupfa kuri we ntacyo bimutwaye.”
Abantu bagirwa inama zinyuranye zafasha mu guhangana n’indwara y’agahinda gakabije. Zimwe muri izo nama harimo guhangana n’ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, ingaruka z’amateka no gukora siporo kuko ifasha umubiri kongera kwiyubaka ukagira imbaraga.
Ubushakashatsi bwasohotse muri 2020 bwagaragaje ko mu Rwanda ‘Depression’ ari yo iza imbere mu bijyanye n’ibibazo byo mu mutwe kuko ifite 11.9% ikaba yibasira abantu bakuru ugereranyije n’abatoya kandi akenshi iyi ndwara uyisanga ku gitsina gore cyane kurusha igitsina gabo.
Ubushakashatsi kandi bugaragaza ko 35% by’abafite iyi ndwara ari Abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.