Ejo ku wa Gatandatu, tariki ya 1 Gashyantare 2025, u Rwanda ruzizihiza Umunsi mukuru ngarukamwaka w’Intwari, kuko ari umunsi wo kwibuka ibikorwa byaranze intwari.
Ni umunsi wizihirizwa ku rwego rw’imidugudu mu Rwanda hose.
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kwizihiza uyu munsi no gufasha abasomyi bacu kurushaho gusobanukirwa, ICK News yaguteguriye inkuru igaruka ku byiciro by’intwari z ‘u Rwanda, ubuzima n’amateka by’abari muri ibyo byiciro.
Kugeza ubu, u Rwanda rufite ibyiciro bitatu by’intwari ari byo: Imanzi, Imena n’Ingenzi.
Icyiciro cy’Imanzi ni cyo kiri hejuru, kikaba kigizwe n’intwari zaranzwe n’ibikorwa bidasanzwe birimo no guhara ubuzima mu rwego rwo kwitangira igihugu. Icyiciro cy’Imena kigizwe n’intwari zaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’intangarugero birimo kwitanga, mu gihe kugeza ubu nta muntu urashyirwa mu cyiciro cy’ingenzi.
Intwari z’Imanzi
Mu cyiciro cy’Urwego rw’Intwari z’Imanzi harimo Ingabo itazwi izina na Major General Rwigema Fred uri mu batangije urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda.
Ingabo itazwi izina: Ingabo itazwi izina yatoranyijwe mu zindi ngabo zemeye guhara ubuzima bwazo kandi zitabashije kumenyekana ku buryo bwihariye.
Ingabo itazwi izina ihagarariye Ingabo zose z’u Rwanda zaguye ku rugamba cyangwa zashoboraga kurugwaho mu gihe cyahise, icy’ubungubu n’ikizaza zirwanira igihugu.
Imva y’Ingabo itazwi izina ni ikimenyetso cyo guha icyubahiro gihebuje abana b’u Rwanda bitanze, baharanira guhanga no kwagura u Rwanda, ubwigenge n’ubusugire bwarwo.
Major General Rwigema Fred: Yavukiye i Mukiranze mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 10 Mata 1957.
Ni mwene Anastasi Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandilima. Yashakanye na Jeannette Urujeni, basezerana ku wa 20 Kamena 1987. Babyaranye abana babiri, ari bo Gisa Junior na Gisa Teta.
Yatabarutse ku wa 2 Ukwakira 1990 i Kagitumba mu Karere ka Nyagatare mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba, agwa ku rugamba amaze gutangiza intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda.
Bitewe n’uko yakuriye mu buhungiro, bivugwa ko mu bwana bwe, Fred Rwigema yakundaga kwibaza icyatumye iwabo bava i Rwanda n’icyabuze kugira ngo basubireyo, ku buryo yakundaga gusoma ibitabo by’abaharaniye kubohora ibihugu byabo nka Kwame Nkrumah, Mao-Tse-Tung na Fidel Castro.
Mu wa 1974 nibwo yiyemeje kureka amashuri asanzwe, ajya muri Tanzaniya gukurikirana imyitozo ya gisirikare na politike.
Mu wa 1976, yayikomereje muri Mozambike, ari kumwe n’abandi mu mutwe wa FRONASA bari hamwe n’indi mitwe bafashwa na Mwalimu Julius Nyerere nka Zanu, Zapu, ANC, KM na FRELIMO.
Mu wa 1979 yari mu bagaba ba FRONASA mu ntambara yavanyeho ubutegetsi bw’igihugu bwa Idi Amin, ayoboye “Mondlane 4 th Infantry Column”.
Mu wa 1981, hamwe n’abandi basore 27, barimo Abanyarwanda babiri Rwigema Fred na Paul Kagame, yatangiranye na Kaguta Museveni intambara yo kurwanya ubutegetsi bwa Milton Obote.
Kuva mu 1985, Fred Rwigema yakomeje kuba umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba NRA, Ishami rya gisirikare rya RNM. Niho yaboneye umwanya wo gukomeza gutoza intambara bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari mu buhungiro.
Ataretse kuba Umunyarwanda, Fred Rwigema yagiye agira imyanya ikomeye muri NRA nko kuba Uwungirije Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo (Deputy Army Commander), Minisitiri wungirije w’Ingabo (Deputy Minister for Defense) n’Umugaba Mukuru w’imirwano (Overall Operations Commander).
Tariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, Rwigema na bagenzi be bahisemo gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora u Rwanda, icyakora we yahise yicwa rugikubita kuko yarashwe tariki ya 2 Ukwakira 1990, bagenzi be bakomeza urugamba rwaje kurangira tariki ya 4 Nyakanga 1994.
Intwari z’Imena
Mu cyiciro cy’Intwari z’Urwego rw’Imena harimo Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre, Michel Rwagasana, Uwilingiyimana Agatha, Félicité Niyitegeka n’Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange.
Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa Charles Léon Pierre: Yavukiye i Nyanza, mu Karere ka Nyanza, mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo muri Werurwe 1911. Ni umwana w’Umwami Yuhi wa IV Musinga na Nyiramavugo Kankazi Redegonde.
Mutara III yimitswe ku ngoma na Guverineri Voisin abifashijwemo na Musenyeri Classe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 1931, Se Musinga amaze gukurwa ku ngoma kuwa 12 Ugushyingo 1931.
Kuwa 15 Ukwakira 1933, yashakanye na Nyiramakomali, batana mu bya 1940, nyuma ku wa 18 Mutarama 1942 ashakana na Rosaliya Gicanda, ntiyabyaranye na bo.
Ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1943, yabatijwe na Musenyeri Léon Classe, yitwa Charles Léon Pierre, abyarwa mu batisimu na Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo Mbiligi na Rwanda-Urundi, Bwana Pierre Ryckmans, icyo gihe na nyina, umugabekazi Nyiramavugo Kankazi arabatizwa yitwa Radegonde.
Kuva mu 1929, aho yagizwe umutware wa Nduga na Marangara, kugeza muri za 1950, Mutara wa III Rudahingwa yakoze politike yo kumvikana na Kiliziya Gatolika na Leta Mbiligi, kugeza n’aho atuye Kirisitu Umwami ingoma z’u Rwanda i Nyanza ku munsi wa Kirisitu Umwami ku wa 27 Ukwakira 1946.
Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa yaharaniye guteza imbere imibereho y’Abanyarwanda n’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.
Amateka avuga ko Rudahigwa yaranzwe no kurwanya akarengane mu butabera, abigaragariza mu Rukiko rw’Umwami no mu mirimo ya buri munsi aho yirirwaga arenganura abaturage cyane cyane abato bato.
Rudahigwa yitaye cyane ku bujijuke bw’Abanyarwanda: ashinga Fonds Mutara, asaba Abayezuwiti gushinga Koleji i Gatagara, bayijyana i Bujumbura iba Collège International du Saint Esprit, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abayisilamu ku Ntwari ry’i Nyamirambo, ashinga amashuri adashingiye ku madini, ashinga Ishuri ry’Abenemutara ry’i Kanyanza anohereza Abanyarwanda ba mbere kwiga i Burayi.
Mutara wa III yatangiye impinduramatwara muri politike, akuraho inkuke zakamirwaga Umwami yishakira ize bwite, akuraho imirimo y’agahato yitwaga akazi, akuraho ubuhake abagaragu bagabana na bashebuja, ashaka gukuraho igitabo cy’umusoro cyanditsemo amoko, Ababiligi barabyanga, yanga “kwica Gitera ashaka gukuraho ikibimutera”.
Rudahigwa yahirimbaniye ubumwe n’ubwigenge by’Abanyarwanda ku buryo Abanyarwanda batekereza ko ari byo yazize nka ba Lumumba na Rwagasore.
Tariki ya 25 Nyakanga 1959 nibwo Mutara III Rudahigwa yatanze aguye i Bujumbura mu buryo butunguranye.
Intwari Michel Rwagasana: Yavukiye i Gitisi na Nyamagana mu Karere ka Ruhango mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu w’1927.
Mu wa 1956, yashakanye na Suzana Nzayire, babyarana abana batatu.
Hagati ya 1945 na 1950 yize muri Groupe Scolaire ya Astrida bitaga shariti, ahakura impamyabumenyi mu by’ubutegetsi (Diplôme d’Assistant Administratif).
Michel Rwagasana yakoze imirimo inyuranye irimo kuba umukozi wa Leta Mbirigi i Bujumbura, umunyamabanga w’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu kuva yajyaho, mu 1954 yabaye umunyamabanga wihariye w’Umwami Mutara wa III Rudahigwa, kuba umunyamabanga wa mbere wa UNAR aho yanitabiraga mu ntumwa z’u Rwanda zaruhagariraga mu bindi bihugu no muri Loni.
Uwilingiyimana Agatha: Yavukiye i Gikore mu Karere ka Gisagara mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo ku wa 23 Kamena 1953.
Ni mwene Ntibashirakandi Yuvenali na Nyirantibangwa Saverina.
Yashakanye na Barahira Ignace mu wa 1976, babyarana abana batanu.
Yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe wa mbere w’umugore kuva ku wa 17 Nyakaganga 1993 kugeza kuwa 7 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya Jenoside yishwe n’abari ingabo z’igihugu.
Uwilingiyimana Agathe yagize umutima wa kigabo arwanya akarengane k’iringaniza mu gihe yari Minisitiri w’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye mu butegetsi bwa Repubulika ya kabiri.
Intwari Félicité Niyitegeka : Yavukiye i Vumbi mu Karere ka Huye mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo mu wa 1934. Ni mwene Sekabwa Simoni na Nyirampabuka Angelina.
Yishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera ko yanze kwitandukanya n’abo yari yahaye ubuhungiro hamwe na bagenzi be bari muri Centre Saint Pierre ku Gisenyi.
Bivugwa ko musaza we Colonel Nzungize yari yamutumyeho ngo asezerere izo mpunzi maze ave muri icyo Kigo gusa we akabyanga.
Abanyeshuri b’i Nyange : Intwari z’i Nyange ni Intwari z’Igihugu zo mu cyiciro cy’Imena. Ni abari abanyeshuri mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Nyange; bigaga mu mwaka wa 5 n’uwa 6, banze kwitandukanya igihe baterwaga n’abacengezi, mu ijoro ryo ku wa 18 rishyira ku wa 19 Werurwe 1997. Bahatiwe kwitandukanya babwirwa ngo Abatutsi bajye ukwabo, n’Abahutu ukwabo”, maze barabyanga barasubiza bati: “Twese turi Abanyarwanda”.
Intwari z’Imena z’i Nyange zose hamwe ni abantu 47. Mu gihe baterwaga n’abacengezi bari abana, ariko ubu ni abagabo n’abagore bakuze. 40 baracyariho ariko bamwe mu bakiriho bafite ubumuga butandukanye batewe n’icyo gitero. Barindwi (7) muri bo baratabarutse: batandatu (6) bishwe n’abacengezi muri iryo joro, umwe (1) yitabye Imana nyuma muri Nyakanga 2001 azize ibikomere yatewe n’abo bacengezi.
Intwari z’Ingenzi
Kugeza ubu,muri iki cyiciro nta muntu wari washyirwamo. Icyakoze, Ubuyobozi bwa CHENO buvuga ko bukora ubushakashatsi buri mwaka ku bandi bantu bashyirwa muri ibi byiciro by’intwari hakurikijwe ibikorwa by’ubutwari bakoze nyuma y’ubusesenguzi bw’Inzego nkuru z’Igihugu.
Iyi nkuru yateguwe hifashishijwe inyandiko y’Urwego rushinzwe Intwari z’Igihugu Imidari n’Impeta by’Amashimwe, yiswe “Umuco w’Ubutwari mu Rwanda”.