Ibihugu bitatu biyobowe n’igisirikare byavuye ku mugaragaro mu muryango w’Akarere ka Afurika y’Iburengerazuba (ECOWAS), nyuma y’umwaka urenga w’amakimbirane ya diplomasi.
Uku kwivana muri ECOWAS kuje nyuma y’uko ibi bihugu byanze icyifuzo cya ECOWAS cyo kugarura abasivili ku butegetsi.
Ku wa gatatu tariki ya 29 Mutarama 2025, ECOWAS yavuze ko izakomeza “gukingurira” imiryango Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger mu gihe ibi bihugu byo byamaze kwishingira umuryango byise Ihuriro ry’ibihugu bya Sahel (AES)
Nyuma y’aho abasirikari bafatiye ubutegetsi muri ibi bihugu bya Mali muri 2020, Niger muri 2023 na Burkina Faso muri 2022, imibanire hagati yabyo na ECOWAS yajemo agatotsi kuko uyu muryango wafatiwe ibihano bikakaye bimwe muri ibi bihugu n’izindi ngamba.
Nyuma y’ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi muri Niger, ECOWAS yafatiye ibihano bikomeye icyo gihugu, birimo gufunga imipaka, kubuza indege z’ubucuruzi kuguruka, ndetse no guhagarika umutungo wa banki nkuru.
ECOWAS kandi yagaragaje ko izohereza ingabo muri Niger mu rwego rwo kugarura ubutegetsi bwa demokarasi.
Mali na Burkina Faso byamaganye ibihano bya ECOWAS, bivuga ko “bidakwiye ikiremwa muntu” ndetse byiyemeza kuzarinda Niger mu gihe uwo muryango wagerageza kugitera mu buryo bwa gisirikare.
Nyuma y’uko bihagaritswe muri ECOWAS, ibi bihugu bitatu byafashe icyemezo cyo gutangaza ko bizavamo mu gihe cy’umwaka, bijyanye n’igihe cyashyizweho n’uyu muryango ku bihugu bishaka kuva muri ECOWAS.
Kuva icyo gihe, habaye ibiganiro hagati ya ECOWAS n’izi guverinoma za gisirikare (juntas), ariko nta musaruro byatanze.
Ibi bihugu bitatu bishinja ECOWAS kuba ifite umubano ukomeye n’ibihugu byo mu burengerazuba bw’isi, ahubwo byo byiyegereza u Burusiya.
Mu rwego rwo gushimangira kuva kwabyo muri ECOWAS no gushyigikira ubumwe bwabyo, ibi bihugu bitatu byatangaje ko bizatangira gukwirakwiza pasiporo nshya za AES ku wa ejo ku wa Gatatu.
Nanone, byemeje gushyira hamwe imbaraga kugira ngo bitegure igisirikare cy’abasirikare ibihumbi 5,000 bazajya bahangana n’ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi by’abajihadist byibasiye ibi bihugu mu myaka myinshi ishize.
Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso bivuga ko kwikura muri ECOWAS bizatuma bibona ubwigenge busesuye ndetse butagengwa n’ibihugu byo muburengerazuba bw’Isi.
Icyakora, abasesenguzi mu bijyanye na politiki mpuzamahanga bavuga ko Niger, Mali, na Burkina Faso bishobora kuzahura n’ibibazo by’ingutu, kuko ari ibihugu bikennye kandi bidakora ku nyanja, bityo bikaba byari bishingiye ubukungu bwabyo ku bihugu by’Afurika y’Iburengerazuba bibikikije.
Mu gihe ECOWAS ikiganira ku mubano wayo n’ibyo bihugu mu gihe kizaza, yatangaje ko izakomeza kwemera pasiporo n’indangamuntu zose zifite ikirango cya ECOWAS zifitwe n’abaturage ba Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso.
Ikindi kandi ni uko ibi bihugu bitatu bizakomeza kuba muri gahunda y’ubucuruzi bworoshye ya ECOWAS.
Umunya-Nigeriya Ilyasu Gadu, inzobere mu by’imibanire mpuzamahanga ndetse akaba n’umujyanama mu by’itangazamakuru yabwiye BBC ati “Abayobozi batatu ba gisirikare bafashe ingamba zo kuvuga bati: ‘Yego, turi kuva muri ECOWAS ariko dushaka gukomeza umubano wacu. Ntidushaka gufunga imipaka yacu’ kuko bashobora kuba baramenye neza ko nibabikora, bazaba bashyize mu kaga ubukungu bwabo.”
Ikindi ngo ni uko ubufasha ECOWAS yahaga Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger mu rugamba rwo kurwanya aba jihadist bushobora guhagarara, ibishobora gutuma umutekano muri Sahel ukomeza kuba mubi.
Imbamutima za bamwe mu baturage ba Mali, Niger na Burkina Faso
Ku wa Kabiri, bamwe mu baturage bo mu mirwa mikuru y’ibihugu bitatu byavuye muri ECOWAS bagaragaye mu mihanda bishimira iki cyemezo.
Ariko si bose bashyigikiye ibyemezo by’ingabo zafashe ubutegetsi.
Omar Hama wo muri Niger yavuze ko yifuzaga ko ibyo bihugu bikomeza kuba muri ECOWAS, ariko bikaba n’abanyamuryango ba AES icyarimwe.
Yabwiye BBC ati: “Byari kuba byiza iyo bashyira ibibazo ku ruhande bafitanye, kuko dusangiye akarere kamwe, dusangiye amateka ndetse n’imiterere imwe y’ubukungu”.
Fatouma Harber, umunyamakuru muri Mali, yagaragaje impungenge z’uko uku kwitandukanya na ECOWAS bishobora guteza imbogamizi mu nzego z’ubuyobozi n’ubukungu ku baturage bo muri ibyo bihugu.
Yongeyeho ati: “Ariko, niba Umuryango w’Ibihugu bya Sahel (AES) ushobora kuzana inyungu kuri twe, byaba ari ikintu cyiza cyane.”
Umuryango w’Ubukungu w’Ibihugu bya Afurika y’Uburengerazuba (ECOWAS), washinzwe mu mwaka w’1975 mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubufatanye mu bukungu hagati y’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburengerazuba.
Mbere y’uko Mali, Burkina Faso na Niger byitandukanya na wo, uwo muryango wari ugizwe n’ibihugu 15, birimo ibihugu nka Nigeria, Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal n’ibindi.
Abaturage bo mu bihugu byose bya ECOWAS kuri ubu, bafite uburenganzira bwo gutura no gukorera mu bihugu byose bigize uyu muryango, mu gihe ibicuruzwa nabyo bizenguruka nta nkomyi.