Umujyi wa Vatikani, umurwa mukuru wa Kiliziya Gatolika ku Isi, hakaba ingoro y’Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika ku Isi ari naho hari Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero nicyo gihugu gito ku Isi kuko gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 0.44 (Hegitare 44).
Mu myaka irenga ibihumbi 2000 ishize, Mutagatifu Petero, ufatwa nk’umuyobozi wa mbere wa Kiliziya Gatolika yishwe abambwe kuri umwe mu misozi yegereye Umujyi wa Roma mu Butaliyani.
Uwo musozi ni Vatikani ari naho hubatswe kiliziya yamwitiriwe ‘Bazilika ya Mutagatifu Petero’ mu rwego rwo kumuha icyubahiro. Iyi kiliziya yubatswe imyaka 124.
Ahubatswe iyi kiliziya ni naho hashyizwe Leta y’Umujyi wa Vatikani.
Ariko se byagenze bite kugira ngo ahari icyicaro cya Kiliziya hasigare ari hato gutya, kandi hafite agaciro kanini mu mateka ya Kiliziya Gatolika?
Inkuru ya Vatikani n’Ubutegetsi bwa Papa itangirana n’ikinyejana cya kane nyuma ya Yezu Kiristu, ubwo Umwami w’Abami wa Roma, Konstantini (Constantine the Great), yahaga abakirisitu ubwisanzure bwo gusenga binyuze mu Itangazo rya Milan (Edict of Milan, 313).
Nyuma y’icyo gihe, Kiliziya Gatolika yakomeje kwaguka, igira uruhare rukomeye mu miyoborere ya Roma.
Mu kinyejana cya 8, hari ubwami bwitwaga Lombards bwashakaga kwigarurira ibice bitandukanye by’u Butaliyani.
Mu 754, Umwami wa Franks witwaga Pepin le Bref yahaye Papa Stephen II ubutaka bunini (bwamamaye nk’Ubwami bwa Papa – Papal States), bubarizwa mu majyepfo no hagati y’u Butaliyani bwa none.
Ubu bwami bwagumyeho imyaka irenga 1000 kuva mu 754 kugeza 1870, bukaba ari bwo bwatumye abapapa baba abayobozi b’amadini ariko banagenzura ibihugu byabo nk’abategetsi ba politiki.
Mu kinyejana cya 19, ubutegetsi bwa Papa bwaje kugabwaho igitero n’abashakaga kwihuza kw’u Butaliyani.
Mu 1861, hatangiye gahunda yo guhuza u Butaliyani, iyobowe na Victor Emmanuel II, Umwami wa Sardinia.
Mu 1870, ingabo za Victor Emmanuel II zinjiye i Roma, zifata umujyi zivanaho burundu ubutegetsi bwa Papa ku butaka bunini yari afite binatuma Papa ahungira ku musozi w’i Vatikani.
Papa Piyo wa IX (Pius IX) yanze kwemera ubutegetsi bushya bw’u Butaliyani, yigumira muri Vatikani, yanga gukorana na leta nshya, ariko ku rundi ruhande akavuga ko Leta y’u Butaliyani yamufunze.
Ibi byatumye ikibazo kizwi nk’ “Ikibazo cya Papa” (Roman Question) kimara imyaka irenga 50.
Nyuma y’igihe kinini Papa atemera ubutegetsi bw’u Butaliyani, habaye ibiganiro hagati ya Leta y’u Butaliyani yari iyobowe na Benito Mussolini n’intumwa za Papa Piyo wa XI (Pius XI).
Ku wa 11 Gashyantare 1929, bemeranyije amasezerano yiswe Lateran Treaty. Aya masezerano yashyize iherezo ku “Kibazo cya Papa” yasinyiwe i Laterano, ahari icyicaro cya Papa nk’Umwepiskopi wa Roma.
Aya masezerano yasize Vatikani yemejwe nk’igihugu kigenga gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 0.44, kikaba igihugu gito ku isi kiyoborwa n’Umushumba wa Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi.
Muri ayo masezerano, Leta y’u Butaliyani yemeye guha Papa uburenganzira bwo kwigenga, ntiyongera kumuvogera.
Byongeye kandi, Leta y’u Butaliyani yahaye Papa miliyoni 92 z’amadorali nk’impozamarira.
Papa nawe yasabwaga kwemera u Butaliyani nk’igihugu kiyobora Roma kandi agasezeranya ko atazigera yivanga mu bya politiki n’intambara.
Kuva icyo gihe, Vatikani yakomeje kwigenga nk’igihugu cyihariye cy’Abapapa.
Nubwo iki gihugu cyigenga ariko ntikibarizwa mu bihugu binyamuryango by’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (Loni), gusa gifite umwanya w’indorerezi muri Loni. Ibi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano n’amasezerano yagiranye na Mussolini.
Vatikani yanagiraga ifaranga ryayo kugeza muri 2002 ubwo yahitagamo gukoresha ifaranya rikoreshwa ku Mugabane w’u Burayi (Euro)
Kuri ubu, Vatikani ifite agaciro gakomeye kuko ariho hari icyicaro cya Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi. Papa ni we muyobozi wacyo, kandi gifite ubutumwa bukomeye mu bya dipolomasi, uburezi, n’umuco wa gikristu.
Kuri ubu, Vatikani iri mu bihugu bifitanye imikoranire mu bya dipolomasi n’ibihugu byinshi ku isi kuko ifitanye umubano n’ibihugu birenga 180.
Papa Fransisiko uyobora Vatikani na Kiliziya Gatolika muri rusange ni uwa 266. Kiliziya ifite abepiskopi barenga ibihumbi 5000 bayobora imbaga y’abakirisitu barenga miliyari imwe na miliyoni magana atatu (1,300,000,000) bo mu bihugu binyuranye ku isi hose.
