Ku wa Kane, tariki 9 Mata 2024, itsinda ry’abanyeshuri bahagarariye abandi mu Ishuri rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK) ryasuye Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero risobanurirwa byinshi ku mwihariko wa Bisesero n’Abasesero baranzwe no kwirwanaho mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Bwana Musinguzi Emmy, umukozi w’uru Rwibutso akaba n’umunyamateka, igice kinini cya Bisesero cyabarizwaga muri Komini Gisovu yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Aloys Ndimbati uri ku rutonde rw’abakekwaho icyaha cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na n’ubu akaba atarafatwa. Ikindi gice cya Bisesero cyabarizwaga muri Komini Gishyita.
Nk’ahandi hose mu gihugu, mu 1959 Abatutsi baratotejwe bamwe barahunga ndetse abandi baricwa, gusa icyo gihe mu Bisesero Abatutsi birwanyeho bararokoka.
Mu 1994 Jenoside ikimara gutangira mu Rwanda, ibitero ntibyahise bitangira mu Bisesero kuko byatangiye tariki ya 8 n’iya 9 Mata 1994, hanyuma kuva ubwo Abatutsi bari batuye mu Bisesero (Abasesero) bongera gutahiriza umugozi umwe mu kwirwanaho.
Bayobowe na Birara Aminadab ufatwa nk’intwari y’Abasesero, kwirwanaho kw’Abatutsi byaberehe mu misozi iri mu Bisesero gusa ahazwi cyane ni ku musozi wa Muyira kuko ariho hapangirwaga uburyo bwo kurwana ndetse ni naho hari hakoraniye Abatutsi benshi. Umurimo w’abana n’abagore ahanini kwari ugukusanya amabuye yifashishwaga n’abagabo n’abasore mu guhangana n’ibitero by’interahamwe.
Impamvu umusozi wa Muyira ariwo wifashishijwe cyane mu guhangana n’Interahamwe, Abasesero bashingiye ku miterere y’umusozi wa Muyira kuko uwuri hejuru aba areba mu nkengero zawo zose ndetse no ku misozi yose iwukikije irimo n’umusozi wa Karongi. Iyo abo ku Muyira babonaga bagiye gutsindwa bavuzaga ingomba kugira ngo abari ku yindi misozi nka Gitwa batange ubufasha.
Bitewe n’uku guhangana n’interahamwe, Mata yarangiye Interahamwe zaratsinzwe mu Bisesero ari nabyo byatumye Colonel Anatole Nsengiyumva wayoboraga ingabo muri Gisenyi yitabazwa kugira ngo Abatutsi mu Bisesero bicwe.
Ibi byatumye tariki ya 13 Gicurasi 1994, umusozi wa Muyira ugotwa n’interahamwe zari zaturutse muri Perefegitura za Gisenyi, Cyangugu, Ruhengeri, Gikongoro na Kibuye mu mujyi. Kuri iyi tariki nibwo Abasesero baganjijwe maze bicwamo abasaga ibihumbi 30 abandi batangira kwihishahisha.
Kuva icyo gihe bakomeje kwicwa bigera tariki ya 27 Kamena 1994 ubwo ingabo z’Abafaransa zari muri Zone Turquoise ya Kibuye zageze mu Bisesero bigatuma Abatutsi batangira kuva mu bwihisho bumva ko zije kubatabara. Gusa siko byari bimeze kuko ingabo z’Abafaransa zasubiyeyo zibasezeranyije kuzagaruka kubatabara mu minsi itatu ngo kuko nta bikoresho bihagije zari zifite.
Ingabo zikimara gusubira mu kigo cya Kibuye, habarurwa Abatutsi barenga ibihumbi 2000 bishwe uwo munsi.
Uko gutereranwa n’ingabo z’Abafaransa ni nabyo byatumye tariki ya 27 iba itariki yihariye yo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Bisesero, gusa muri uyu mwaka kubera amatora ya Perezida n’ayabadepite ateganyijwe muri Nyakanga, mu Bisesero bazibuka tariki 15 Kamena 2024.
Imibare ya nyuma gato ya Jenoside igaragaza ko mu bihumbi birenga 60 by’abari batuye mu Bisesero harokotse Abatutsi 1300 bonyine.
Imiterere y’Urwibutso rwa Bisesero
Nyuma y’uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe, mu mwaka wa 1997 hatangiye ibikorwa byo kubaka Urwibutso rwa Bisesero rwuzura mu 1998 kugira ngo ruruhukiremo imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yari ikomeje gukurwa hirya no hino mu Bisesero.
Bisesero nirwo rwibutso rwubatse ku musozi. Abarusura basobanurirwa amateka yo mu Bisesero baturutse hasi bazamuka hejuru ku mpinga y’umusozi ariho haruhukiye imibiri isaga ibihumbi 50 y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Uku kuzamuka babyita ‘Umuzamuko w’umubabaro Abatutsi bo mu Bisesero bahuye nawo mu gihe cya Jenoside.’
Nk’uko Perefegitura ya Kibuye yari igizwe na Komini 9, uru rwibutso rufite inzu 3. Buri nzu ifite ibyumba 3 byose hamwe bikaba ibyumba 9 bihwana na komine 9 za Kibuye. Ibi byumba bibungabungirwamo imwe mu mibiri y’Abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu rwego rwo gusobanurira abasura uru rwibutso ubukana n’ububi bwa Jenoside.
Hari kandi ikibumbano ‘Monument’ irimo amacumu 9 asobanura komine 9 akanasobanura ibikoresho byakoreshwaga n’abatutsi mu gihe cyo kwirwanaho.
Ibuye rinini hagati y’ayo macumu 9, ni igisobanuro cy’umubare munini w’amabuye yakusanywaga n’abagore n’abana ku musozi wa Muyira byakoreshwaga n’abagabo n’abasore mu guhangana n’ibitero.
Ucyinjira mu marembo y’urwibutso bigaragara ko ari hagari gusa uko ugenda uzamuka hagenda haba hato kugera hejuru ku mpinga y’umusozi haba habaye hato cyane. Ibi ni igisobanuro cy’uko Bisesero yari ituwe n’abatutsi benshi gusa bagiye bagabanuka kubera kwicwa bikarangira mu bihumbi bisaga 60 harokotse 1300 byonyine.
Kuko gusura uru rwibutso bisaba gukora urwo rugendo uzamuka, iyo hari abananiwe bataragera ku mpinga y’umusozi bafatwa nk’abishwe ‘Victim’ mu gihe ubashije kugera ku mpinga y’umusozi afatwa nk’uwarokotse ‘Survivor’.
Uru rwibutso kandi ruri mu nzibutso enye zamaze kwandikwa mu Murage w’Isi mu Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO). Izo nzibutso ni urwa Kigali, Nyamata, Bisesero na Murambi.
Kuva aho rwandikiwe mu Murage w’Isi wa UNESCO, biteganyijwe ko ku musozi wa Muyira Abatutsi barwaniyeho hari ibigomba kuhakorwa bigaragaza uko kwirwanaho kw’Abasesero ndetse n’intwari zizwi mu Bisesero.
Magingo aya, Urwibutso rwubatswe ku Musozi wa Nyankomo bitewe n’uko Imiterere y’Urwibutso bashakaga kubaka mu Bisesero ariho habonetse byajyana kandi hegereye umuhanda.
Indi mpamvu bahisemo kurwubaka ku Musozi wa Nyankomo ni uko iyo uhari uba witegeye umusozi wa Muyira.
Uyu mwihariko w’uru Rwubutso niwo watumye abanyeshuri bahagarariye abandi muri ICK bahitamo kuhasura nk’uko bigarukwaho na Niyonkuru Cedric uyobora Umuryango w’Abanyeshuri bahagarariye abandi (AGE/ICK).
Ati “Twahisemo gusura Urwibutso rwa Bisesero kuko rufite amateka yihariye kuko abahaguye bari baragerageje kwirwanaho igihe kinini. Ikindi kandi ni urwibutso ruri mu murage wa UNESCO.”
Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero rwanditswe mu Murage w’Isi wa UNESCO tariki ya 20 Nzeri 2023 kugira ngo rubungabungwe kubw’inyungu rusange z’abatuye isi bose. Kugeza ubu hamaze kuboneka imibiri 30 izashyingurwa mu cyubahiro muri uru Rwibutso ubwo mu Bisesero bazaba bibuka tariki ya 15 Kamena 2024 gusa ibikorwa byo gushaka indi mibiri birakomeje ku buryo itariki yo kwibuka ishobora kugera habonetse indi.
