Ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku bikorwa by’iterabwoba (Global Terrorism Index – GTI) cyagaragaje ko Akarere ka Sahel gaherereye mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Sahara, ariho hantu hambere hakorerwa ibikorwa by’iterabwoba ku Isi, kuko gafite hejuru ya kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyo bikorwa byose byahitanye abantu mu Isi
Raporo nshya y’iki kigo igaragaza ko ako gace gafite umubare w’abantu 3,885 mu bantu 7,555 bapfuye mu bikorwa by’iterabwoba ku Isi yose.
Iyi raporo ya GTI kandi yongeraho ko mu gihe imibare yabapfuye mu Isi yose yagabanutse muri rusange, kuko yavuye ku bantu 11,000 mu 2015, ariko imibare yo muri Sahel yo yiyongereyeho inshuro icumi kuva mu 2019, bitewe n’imitwe y’intagondwa n’inyeshyamba ikomeje kwimurira ibitekerezo byayo muri ako karere.
Sahel iva ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bwa Afurika igana mu burasirazuba bw’uyu mugabane. GTI isobanura ko aka karere gaherereyemo ibihugu icumi, aribyo; Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, Cameroun, Guinea, Gambia, Senegal, Nigeria, Tchad na Mauritania.
Sahel ifite umubare munini w’abana bavuka ku isi, kandi hafi bibiri bya gatatu byabaturage bari munsi yimyaka 25.
Bitandukanye no mu burengerazuba bw’Isi, aho iterabwoba rikorwa n’abantu ku giti cyabo ryiyongera, muri Sahel ho hakomeje kwiyongera amatsinda y’intagondwa z’ Abajihadiste, nk’uko raporo ibivuga.
Raporo ivuga ko ibitero byinshi byibasira Sahel bigabwa n’imitwe ibiri ariyo: ishami ry’umutwe wa leta ya kisilamu (Islamic state) ukorera muri ako gace ndetse n’umutwe w’ishami rya al-Qaeda witwa ‘Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM)’.
Bivugwa ko umutwe wa Islamic State wakubye kabiri ubuso bw’ubutaka igenzura muri Mali kuva ubutegtsi bwahirikwa mu 2020 na 2021. Uyu mutwe wigaruriye cyane uduce two mu burasirazuba bw’iki gihugu hafi y’umupaka wa Burkina Faso na Niger. Ni mu gihe JNIM na yo yakomeje kwagura ibikorwa byayo nk’uko byatangajwe n’itsinda ry’impuguke z’umuryango w’abibumbye kuri Mali.
Raporo ya GTI igaragaza ko iyo mitwe yombi yinjije abarwanyi benshi, barimo n’abasirikare b’abana.
Iyi raporo isobanura uburyo ihungabana rya politiki n’imiyoborere idahwitse biteza umurindi ikura ry’imitwe y’inyeshyamba, kandi ko amakimbirane ari intandaro y’iterabwoba.
Sahel rimwe na rimwe bita “umukandara wo guhirika ubutegetsi” wo muri Afurika, kuva mu mwaka wa 2020 habaye ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi butandatu mu karere nk’uko byasobanuwe na raporo ya GTI: inshuru ebyiri byabaye muri Mali, ebyiri kandi byabye muri Burkina Faso, imwe muri Guinea n’indi muri Niger. Ibi bihugu ubu byose biyobowe n’abasirikare.
GTI ivuga ko mu 2024, Burkina Faso “yakomeje kuba igihugu cya mbere ku isi cyibasiwe n’ibikorwa by’terabwoba ku nshuro ya kabiri yikurikiranya”.
Mu myaka 14 ishize kuva iyi raporo yatangira gukorwa, Burkina Faso nicyo gihugu cyonyine cyabaye icya mbere kitari Iraq cyangwa Afghanistan.
Raporo ya GTI ivuga ko ibikorwa by’imitwe y’Abajihadiste muri Sahel birimo n’ibikorwa bitandukanye by’ubukungu bitemewe, nk’ubushimusi bw’abantu n’inka.
Aka karere kandi kabaye inzira y’ingenzi ku bacuruza ibiyobyabwenge byiganjemo kokayine ivanwa muri Amerika y’Epfo ijyanwa mu Burayi, kandi raporo ivuga ko “gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge nabyo biri mu bikorwa bitemewe byinjiza amafaranga menshi bifitanye isano n’iterabwoba muri Sahel”.