Mu mwaka wa 1999, uruganda rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, BlackBerry, rwashyize ahagaragara igikoresho cyari gifite bimwe mu bigize ubushobozi bwa telefoni zigezweho muri iki gihe.
Muri 2007, nibwo Apple, ikora za iPhone, yashize hanze telefoni ya mbere igezweho mu gihe ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Android yashyizwe hanze bwa mbere mu 2008.
Kuva icyo gihe, imibereho ya muntu cyane cyane urubyiruko yatangiye guhinduka kugeza aho ubu umuntu avuga ko atakoroherwa no kubaho nta telefoni igezweho afite.
Ibi bishingira ku kamaro k’izi telefoni kuko zifashishwa mu bikorwa byinshi bijyanye n’imibanire, ubucuruzi n’ibindi.
Mu bijyanye n’imibereho, imbuga nkoranyambaga ni kimwe mu bimaze kwigarurira abantu benshi kuko bazikoresha baganira, bagaragaza ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi cyangwa se ibyo bakora.
Ntawashidikanya ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zimaze kwigarurira igice kinini cy’ubuzima bwa muntu cyane cyane urubyiruko.
Icyakora, nubwo imbuga nkoranyambaga zigenda zifatwa nk’igice cy’ubuzima bwa buri munsi, ni ko n’impungenge ku ngaruka zazo ku buzima bwo mu mutwe zigenda ziyongera.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bihugu bitandukanye bwerekana ko gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga igihe kirekire bifitanye isano no kwiyongera kw’agahinda gakabije, kwiheba no guhangayika, cyane cyane mu rubyiruko.
Ibi bihamywa na bamwe mu bakoresha izi mbuga.
Umunyamakuru Janvier Nshimyumukiza, uzwi nka Janvier Popote ku rubuga rwa X, akaba akurikirwa n’abarenga ibihumbi ijana, avuga ko mu myaka 14 amaze akoresha uru rubuga yasanze imbuga zishobora guteza ihungabana rikomeye ku mitekerereze y’uzikoresha.
Agira ati: “Imbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora gutuma umuntu afata imyanzuro imugiraho ingaruka mbi, harimo no gutekereza kwiyahura, bitewe n’amagambo abwirwa n’abandi.”
Akenshi ngo ayo magambo mabi akomoka ku byo abantu ubwabo bashyira kuri izo mbuga, nyuma bakakira ubutumwa batari biteze harimo nko gutukwa n’ibindi.
Ruth Irakoze Ntakwasa, umaze umwaka urenga ku mbuga nka Instagram, TikTok na Facebook ndetse akaba akurikirwa n’abarenga ibihumbi mirongo itanu kuri Instagram, ashimangira ko imbuga nkoranyambaga zishobora gukururira uzikoresha ibyago birimo no kugira agahinda gakabije.
Uyu mukobwa ukoresha izana rya ‘Ntakwasa’, akaba afite abamukurikira barenga ibihumbi ijana kuri TikTok ahamya ko nawe ubwe yigeze guhungabana bitewe n’izi mbuga ndetse agashaka no kuzivaho burundu, bitewe no gusangiza ibitekerezo bye abamukurikira, ariko bakamusubiza ubutumwa, ibizwi nka ‘comments’ bubi.
Yagize ati, “Nashyizeho ‘video’ yange maze mu gice cya ‘comments’ hazaho umuntu ambwira amagambo mabi yerekeranye n’umuryango wange.”
Avuga ko ibyo byatumye yicuza icyatumye akoresha imbuga nkoranyamabaga, ibyatumye afata umwanzuro wo kuzihagarika ibyumweru birenga bibiri ndetse anasiba ibyo yari yarashyizeho.
Icyakora avuga ko yagiriwe inama yo gukomeza kuzikoresha ariko akarengangiza abamubwira amagambo mabi.
Gasana Fidele, ukoresha amazina ya The Real Gasana akaba akurikirwa n’abarenga ibihumbi 180,000 kuri Instagram, nawe avuga ko hari urubyiruko rukura ihungabana kuri izi mbuga za murandasi.
The real Gasana umaze imyaka ibiri n’ice kuri izo mbuga avuga ko nubwo we atarahura n’iki kibazo, ariko ahamya ko hari bagenzi be bibabaho nubwo yirinze kubatangaza.
Abajijwe uko yabyitwaramo mu gihe yaba yumva ko atangiye guhungabanywa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga, yasubije agira ati: “Biramutse bibaye byasaba ko izo mbuga mba nziretse gatoya nkafata umwanya wo kwitekerezaho.”
Akomeza abawira abakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga kuzijyaho biteguye kuko bakwiye kumenya ko ari inyanja ngari irimo abantu b’imyumvire n’imico binyuranye.
Ati: “Iyo ugiye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga uba ugiye kwiyereka abantu, rero ntukwiye kwita kuri buri kintu bakubwira ahubwo uba ugomba kumenya ko wagiyeho nk’akazi.”
Imbuga zigarukwaho cyane usanga abantu birengagiza WhatsApp ariko nyamara ngo nayo ishobora kuba intandaro y’agahinda gakabije.
Umukobwa wifuje ko amazina ye atatangazwa yabwiye ICK News uburyo yagiye yiyumvamo kubabara bivuye ku byo yabwiwe kuri uru rubuga.
Agira ati: “Kugira ngo umuntu agire agahinda gakabije ntabwo ari ibintu bihita biza ako kanya, ahubwo bigenda bikura. Mbere nashyiraga ifoto yanjye kuri status ya WhatsApp nkumva abantu barambwiye ngo ndi kabi, cyangwa nashyiraho undi bakambwira ngo urarwana n’iki, mbese ibyo nsyizeho byose bakarwanya.”
Akomeza avuga ko ibyo byatangiye gutuma agenda yiyumva nk’umunu ubabaye ariko adatekereza icyamubabaje.
Avuga ko hari igihe cyageze agashyira umubyeyi we kuri urwo rubuga hanyuma abona ‘comment’ ituka umubyeyi we ko ari ingagi.
Ati: “Byarambabaje, agahinga karanyica.” Akomeza agira ati: “Muri iyo myaka yose nakoresheje imbuga nkoranyambaga nagendaga mpura n’ibicantege byinshi ariko ibyo gutuka umubyeyi wange nibyo byatumye numva mbabaye cyane yewe bituma abantu bose numva mbanze ku buryo namaze icyumweru n’igice nsa n’uri mu gahinga gakabije.”
Jean Michele Iyamuremye, Umuyobozi wungirije wa Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Center, ikigo gitanga ubufasha ku bafite ibibazo byo mu mutwe, yabwiye ICK News ko badakunze kubona abantu babagana bafite ikibazo cy’agahinda gakabije cyangwa ibibazo byo mu mutwe batewe n’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Icyakora ngo bakiriye ikibazo cy’umugore wari hafi gusenya urugo rwe bitewe no kwirirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga cyangwa se kuba imbata y’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Akomeza avuga ko abantu benshi batinya kwivuza icyo kibazo cy’agahinda gakabije kuko bumva bibateye ipfunwe.
Impuguke mu mitekerereze ya muntu, Padiri Prof. Fidèle Dushimimana, usanzwe ari n’Umuyobozi mukuru w’Ishuri Rikuru Gatolika rya Kabgayi (ICK), avuga ko kugira ngo imbuga nkoranyambaga zigire ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe cyane cyane ku rubyiruko biterwa n’uko ziba zakoreshejwe nabi.
Avuga ko ibyo bihera ku kugira imbata uzikoresha. Ati: “Uzinjiyemo akarenza, zimugira imbata yazo ku buryO ibimenyetso bimugaragaraho biba bisa nk’ibyuwagizwe imbata n’ibiyobyabwenge.”
Akomeza agira ati: “Kugirwa imbata n’imbuga nkoranyambaga bigira ingaruka ku bantu kuko usanga batagira ubwihangane, bakagorwa no gucunga amarangamutima, kandi bakarangwa no kurakara vuba.”
Padiri Prof. Dushimimana ahamya ko kugira imihangayiko n’agahinda gakabije ari izindi ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Ngo ibyo biterwa ahanini n’uko abazikoresha bashobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo bwite kuri izo mbuga bashaka kugaragara neza “hanyuma bahura n’abababwira nabi bikabaviramo guhangayika no kugira agahinda gakabije.”
Usibye ibyo kandi, Padiri Prof. Dushimimana avuga ko ibindi bishobora gutera umuntu agahinda gakabije birimo no kwigereranya n’abandi abona ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Ati “Iyo abonye atameze nk’abandi abona, bituma yitakariza icyizere bityo bikaba byamuviramo kutiyakira, hunyama agahangayika.”
Nubwo ingaruka ari nyinshi, Padiri Prof. Dushimimana agira inama abakoresha izi mbuga, cyane cyane urubyiruko, kugerageza bakagabanya umwanya bazimaraho mu gihe bitari akazi.
Ati “Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abantu barenza amasaha abiri ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ku munsi, bari mu bakunze kwibasirwa na za ngaruka.”
Aho niho ahera asaba abantu kugena igihe bamara kuri zo mbuga kitari kinini, ahubwo bagashaka ibindi bintu bibafiye umumaro baba bakora muri icyo gihe. Ati: “Niba wazimaragaho igihe kinini, kigabanye ahubwo icyo gihe ugikoremo nka siporo cyangwa ukoremo ibindi bikorwa.”
Padiri Prof. Dushimimana yongeraho ko abantu bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga baba bakwiye kwisuzuma ubwabo bakamenya uko bakira ibyo babwiwe kuruta uko bashaka ko abandi babavuga.
Imibare igaragaza ko mu ntangiriro za 2025, u Rwanda rwari rufite abarenga miliyoni umwe bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga. Ku isi, abarenga miliyari eshanu nibo bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’inzobere mu by’imitekerereze, Kwizera Rulinda ukorera Umuryango Lifeline Rwanda na Nshimiyimana Augustin wigisha muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, hagati ya Kanama 2023na Mutarama 2024, bwerekanye ko urubyiruko 43,3% rukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga mu Rwanda, rwugarijwe n’agahinda gakabije n’izindi ndwara zijyanye n’imitekerereze.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko uretse uru rubyiruko rwugarijwe n’agahinda gakabije, hari urundi 37,7% rufite indwara y’ubwoba.
Raporo y’ubu bushakashatsi igaragaza ko na none, urubyiruko 33,8% mu rwaganiriye n’inzobere mu by’imitekerereze, rufite ikibazo cy’umujagararo w’ubwonko (stress), naho 26,4% rwo rufite ikibazo cyo kwigunga.
Mu byagaragajwe nk’ibitera izi ndwara z’imitekerereze ku bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga harimo kutabasha kwakira ibitekerezo bibi byatanzwe nko ku mafoto y’abantu, bigatuma ubibwiwe yitakariza icyizere cyangwa akagira indi mitekerereze mibi.
Muri 2022, Ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku buzima (RBC), cyatangaje ko 17% by’urubyiruko mu Rwanda rwari rwibasiwe n’indwara y’agahinda gakabije, ibi bikaba bifitanye isano n’ikoreshwa ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Umwanditsi: Nicole Munezero