Kuva ku Cyumweru tariki ya 7 Mata 2024, u Rwanda ruri mu cyumweru cy’Icyunamo n’iminsi 100 yo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 30 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Kubera ko Jenoside yatwaye ubuzima bw’abarenga miliyoni hirya no hino mu gihugu, ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda bwahisemo kubaka inzibutso mu bice bitandukanye by’igihugu kugira ngo haruhukiremo imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Kuva muri Nzeri 2023, enye mu nzibutso zose ziri mu Rwanda zashyizwe mu murage w’isi w’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO).
Izo nzibutso ni Urwibutso rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi, Urwibutso rwa Murambi, Urwibutso rwa Nyamata n’Urwibutso rwa Bisesero.
Mu kurushaho kumenya byimbitse ku mateka y’u Rwanda, ICK News yabateguriye bimwe mu byo wakenera kumenya ku nzibutso enye zashyizwe mu murage w’isi wa UNESCO.
- Urwibutso rwa Kigali ruri ku Gisozi
Urwibutso rwa Kigali ni rumwe mu zubatswe ku ikubitiro nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuko mu 1994 aribwo umusozi wa Gisozi watoranyijwe ngo imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi iharuhukire. Uru rwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa Gisozi, Akarere ka Gasabo.
Urwibutso rwa Kigali rwubatswe ku bufatanye hagati ya Leta y’u Rwanda n’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga uharanira amahoro binyuze mu gukumira no kurwanya Jenoside, AEGIS Trust, rufungura imiryango mu mwaka wa 2004 mu rwego rwo gufasha abarokotse kurushaho kuzirikana ku nzirakarengane zishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Ni rwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri myinshi kuko ruruhukiyemo imibiri y’abasaga ibihumbi 250. Imibiri iruhukiyemo ni imibiri yavanywe mu bice bitandukanye by’Umujyi wa Kigali ndetse no mu nkengero zawo.
Mu bindi bigize uru rwibutso, harimo inzu y’amateka agaragaza uko ingengabitekerezo yabibwe mu Banyarwanda, uko ubutegetsi bwagiye busimburana n’uko amacakubiri yagiye yigishwa kugeza habaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Uru Rwibutso kandi rurimo ibikoresho byakoreshejwe mu kwica inzirakarengane. Muri uru rwibutso hanagaragara kandi uburyo u Rwanda rwafashe inzira y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge nyuma ya 1994.
2.Urwibutso rwa Murambi
Urwibutso rwa Murambi ruherereye mu Murenge wa Gasaka ho mu Karere ka Nyamagabe.
Agace uru rwibutso rwubatsemo [Gikongoro] kakunze kurangwa n’itotezwa n’ubwicanyi byakorewe abatututsi mu kuva mu myaka ya 1959.
Ni urwibutso ruherereye ahantu hari harimo kubakwa ishuri rya tekiniki ETO (Ecole Technique Officielle) mu 1994. Ubwo Jenoside yabaga, Abatutsi bari batuye mu cyahoze ari Gikongoro no mu nkengero zayo bashishikarijwe n’inzego z’umutekano kujyayo ngo bacungirwe umutekano gusa icyari kigamijwe kwari ukubica hakoreshejwe ubushobozi bucye mu mwanya muto kandi ntawe ubacitse.
Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 21 Mata 1994, nibwo abicanyi bishe abari bahahungiye basaga ibihumbi 45000 kuko mu bihumbi birenga 50,000 by’abari bahahungiye, harokotse abatageze kuri 40 bonyine.
Mu mwaka w’ 1995 nibwo imibiri y’abiciwe i Murambi yatangiye gukurwa mu byobo yari yarajugunywemo kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro.
Kuva icyo gihe, iryo shuri ryagizwe urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y’abasaga ibihumbi 50,000.
Urwibutso rwa Murambi rugizwe n’ibice binyuranye birimo igice gikubiyemo amateka avuga kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi by’umwihariko muri ako gace, igice kiruhukiyemo imibiri y’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi by’umwihariko amashuri biciwemo akaba aruhukiyemo imibiri ya bamwe mu bahiciwe.
Uru rwibutso kandi rufite isomero n’inzu ndangamateka irimo amafoto na bimwe mu bikoresho by’abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
3. Urwibutso rwa Nyamata
Nyamata ni agace gafite amateka yihariye mu mateka y’u Rwanda by’umwihariko ku bari Abatutsi kuko hagati y’umwaka w’ 1959 na 1960 aribwo Abatutsi bavanywe mu tundi duce tw’igihugu bakajyanwa gutura i Nyamata ku ngufu.
Agace ka Nyamata karangwaga n’ishyamba ndetse n’isazi ya Tsetse. Mu 1980 Nyamata imaze gutunganywa, hubatswe Kiliziya.
Mu 1994, iyo Kiliziya niyo yiciwemo Abatutsi bari bayihungiyemo.
Nyuma y’ibiganiro hagati ya Leta na Kiliziya Gatolika, iyo Kiliziya yahinduwe Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ni urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y’abasaga ibihumbi 45,000.
Uru rwibutso rugizwe n’aho Abakiristu bicaraga ubu hari imyenda abishwe bari bambaye n’ibikoresho abicanyi bakoresheje nk’imihoro, amacumu, ibyuma n’ibindi.
Muri ‘Cave’ hari imibiri y’abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikaba iri mu birahuri ku buryo igaragara. Muri iyo cave y’Urwibutso rwa Nyamata Kandi harimo isanduka imwe y’umubiri w’umugore witwa Mukandoli Anociatta wishwe urwagashinyaguro, kuko mbere yo kwica yasambanyijwe n’interahamwe nyuma zimutera icumu mu mwanya we w’ibanga rihingukira mu bitugu bye, akaba ari isanduka yahashyizwe mu rwego rwo kumuha icyubahiro bitewe n’urupfu rwe, kubumbatira amateka ndetse no gusobanurira abantu ibyabaye muri icyo gihe.
Mu busitani bw’iyo Kiliziya hari aharuhukiye imibiri ndetse n’amabuye asennye neza yanditseho amazina ya bamwe mu baharuhukiye.
4. Urwibutso rwa Bisesero
Uru rwibutso rukunzwe kuvugwa nk’urwibutso rw’intwari rwubatswe mu Karere ka Karongi ahahoze ari muri Kibuye.
Mu gihe cy’ubwicanyi bwo mu mwaka w’ 1962 no muri 1973 Abatutsi bo mu Bisesero bahungiye ku musozi wa Muyira babasha kwirwanaho.
Mu 1994, bongeye kuhahungira batekereza ko bashobora kongera kwirwanaho nkuko babikoze muri icyo gihe.
Bagerageje kwirwanaho nk’uko bari barabikoze gusa birwanyeho mu gihe cy’ukwezi bakoresha amacumu, imihoro n’inkoni. Gusa mu mpera za Mata 1994, abari bagerageje kwirwanaho baganjwe n’interahamwe kuko zari zifite ubufasha bwose bushoboka.
Urwibutso rwa bisesero rwubatswe ku musozi uzamuka uturuka hasi ugana hejuru, ukaba wubatsweho amazu atatu.
Buri nzu ifite ibyumba 3. Ibyumba 9 bigize ayo mazu yose byibutsa ama komini 9 yaragize perefegitura ya kibuye mu 1994. Mu mpinga y’umusozi hari imva 7 ziruhukiyemo imibiri igera ku bihumbi 50000 y’Abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Ingazi ugenda wurira uko uzamuka uwo musozi zerekana akaga Abatutsi bagize bahunga banarwana, ndetse hagiye haba n’impfuruka zibutsa ko bageragaho bakihisha.
Ucyinjira mu Rwibutso ubonamo amabuye menshi ashinzemo amacumu 9. Ayo macumu yibutsa ko arizo ntwaro bakoresheje birwanaho. Hari n’inzu ntoya y’isomero usangamo ibitabo byanditswe kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Kuba izi nzibutso zarashyizwe mu murage w’isi wa UNESCO bisobanuye ko umubare w’abasura izi nzibutso uzarushaho kwiyongera bityo amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi akazarushaho kumenyekana kugira ngo Jenoside yirindwe n’ahandi aho ari ho hose.
Imibare yo muri 2022 yagaragazaga ko Urwibutso rwa Kigali rwonyine rusurwa n’abasaga ibihumbi 100,000 ku mwaka.