Kuva mu myaka yo mu 1980, Ukwakira, ni ukwezi kwahariwe gukora ubukangurambaga bwimbitse kuri Kanseri y’ibere mu Isi yose kuko ari indwara iri mu zihangayikishije kandi zica abantu benshi.
Ubukangurambaga buba bugamije kumenya akamaro ko kwirinda no kwisuzumisha buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare kanseri y’ibere.
Kuri ubu kanseri y’ibere iza ku mwanya wa kabiri muri kanseri zica umubare munini w’abantu uku Isi nyuma ya Kanseri y’umwijima.
Imibare y’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, OMS igaragaza ko nibura abantu miliyoni 2.3 ku isi hose bandura kanseri y’ibere buri mwaka, mu gihe abarenga ibihumbi 600 bahitanwa na yo buri mwaka.
Mu Rwanda, imibare ya Ministeri y’Ubuzima yo muri 2022 yagaragazaga ko buri mwaka, mu basuzumwa kanseri y’ibere, 650 basanga bayirwaye, naho 600 bagahitanwa nayo buri mwaka.
Kugeza ubu, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abarwara kanseri y’ibere, nta mpamvu yihariye iragaragara yaba iyitera.
Kanseri y’ibere iboneka mu bihugu byose by’isi, cyane cyane ku bagore barenze igihe cy’ubwangavu, gusa ikiyongera cyane ku bageze mu zabukuru.
Icyihariye kuri iyi kanseri nuko ikunze kwibasira abo mu bihugu biteye imbere cyane.
Mu bihugu bikize cyane, umugore 1 muri 12 aba azarwara kanseri y’ibere mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwe, ndetse 1 muri 71 akazapfa ayizize.
Ku rundi ruhande, mu bihugu bikennye cyane, umugore 1 muri 27 aba azarwara kanseri y’ibere mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwe, ndetse 1 muri 48 akazahitanwa nayo.
Ninde ufite ibyago byo kurwara Kanseri y’ibere?
Igitsina gore nicyo gifite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere. Hafi ya 99% ya kanseri y’ibere iba ku bagore naho abagabo bayirwaye ni hagati ya 0.5 na1%.
Kuvura kanseri y’ibere ku bagabo bikurikiza amahame amwe nko kuyivura abagore.
Ibintu bimwe byongera ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere harimo nko kwiyongera kw’imyaka, umubyibuho ukabije, kunywa inzoga nabi, amateka y’umuryango kuri kanseri y’ibere, amateka y’imyororokere (nk’imyaka imihango yatangiriye n’imyaka yo gutwita bwa mbere), gukoresha itabi no kuvura imisemburo ya postmenopausal, n’ibindi.
Amateka y’umuryango kuri kanseri y’ibere yongera ibyago by’umuntu byo kuba yayirwara, ariko abagore benshi barwaye kanseri y’ibere ntabwo bafite amateka azwi y’iyo ndwara mu miryango yabo. Kutagira amateka azwi ya kanseri y’ibere mu muryango ntibisobanura byanze bikunze ko umugore afite ibyago bicye byo kuyirwara.
Ibimenyetso bigaragaza kanseri y’ibere
Abarwayi benshi ntibabona ibimenyetso mu gihe kanseri ikiri mu bihe byayo bya mbere bityo ni ingirakamaro kubitahura hakiri kare.
Kanseri y’ibere ishobora kugira ibimenyetso byinshi, cyane cyane iyo imaze gukura. Muri ibyo bimenyetso harimo:
Kubona ibere cyangwa agace ko kw’ibere karetsemo amazi, kubabara imoko cg ubona itangiye kwinjira mu ibere, kuribwa ndetse no kubyimba kw’amabere, kumva ikintu gikomeye mu ibere, gusohoka kw’amatembabuzi mu ibere atari amashereka, gutukura no gukomera cyangwa gukweduka kw’imoko cyangwa uruhu rwo ku ibere, gufuruta uruhu rwo ku ibere, n’ibindi.
Kanseri y’ibere ishobora gukwirakwira mu bindi bice by’umubiri kandi igatera ibindi bimenyetso.
Nyuma y’igihe, uturemangingo turwaye kanseri dushobora gukwirakwira mu zindi ngingo zirimo ibihaha, umwijima, ubwonko n’amagufwa. Iyo tumaze kuhagera, ibimenyetso bishya bifitanye isano na kanseri nko kubabara amagufwa cyangwa kubabara umutwe bishobora kugaragara.
Uko kanseri y’ibere ivurwa
Kuvura kanseri y’ibere biterwa n’icyiciro igezeho n’uburyo yakwirakwiriye hanze y’ibere (icyiciro cya II cyangwa III) cyangwa mu bindi bice by’umubiri (icyiciro cya IV).
Abaganga bahuza ubuvuzi butandukanye kugira ngo bagabanye amahirwe ya kanseri yo kwiyongera. Muri byo harimo; kubaga kugira ngo bakureho ikibyimba mu ibere, gukoresha imirasire (Radiation therapy) kugira ngo uturemangingo twa kanseri tudakomeza kwikuba mu ibere no mu bice bihegereye, imiti yica uturemangingo twa kanseri kugira ngo tudakwirakwira, ibizwi nka ‘hormonal therapies, chemotherapy cyangwa targeted biological therapies’.
Muri 2021 Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryatangije gahunda yo kurwanya kanseri y’ibere ku isi kugira ngo igabanye umubare w’impfu ku gipimo cya 2,5% ku mwaka kugeza muri 2040. Ibi byakozwe mu rwego rwo gukiza ubuzima bwa miliyoni 2.5 binyuze mu nkingi eshatu z’ingenzi zerekeye guteza imbere ubuzima kugira ngo hamenyekane hakiri kare kanseri, isuzumwe ku gihe, ndetse no gucunga neza kanseri y’ibere.