Abantu benshi, cyane cyane abo mu bihugu bya Afurika bakunze guhura n’ikibazo cyo kwimwa visa yo kujya mu bihugu by’i Burayi na Amerika. Uku kwimwa visa ntibigira ingaruka zo kwica gahunda za bamwe gusa, binasiga batakaje amafaranga atagira ingano.
Mu mpera za 2024, umwe mu Banyarwanda bagombaga kwitabira ihuriro ry’abanyamakuru ba Kiliziya Gatolika ku isi yimwe visa y’iminsi 15 ya Schengen, ahita yongera gusaba ayihabwa ku nshuro ya kabiri, ariko ikibabaje ni uko yayihawe igikorwa yagombaga kwitabira cyararangiye.
Uretse kuba yarimwe visa bigatuma atitabira igikorwa yari yaratumiwemo, byanamuhombeje amafaranga atari munsi y’ibihumbi Magana atatu by’amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Mu mpera za 2024 kandi, ubwo Joel Anyaegbu, impuguke mu mikino ya mudasobwa (gaming consultant), yangirwaga visa ya Schengen yo kujya i Barcelona muri Esipanye, yaratunguwe, ariko ntiyacika intege; ahita yongera gusaba.
Uyu Munyanijeriya w’imyaka 32 yatanze ibyangombwa birenze ibisabwa, birimo konti za banki ndetse n’ibimenyetso by’uko atunze imitungo.
Yarongera arangirwa.
Ubutumwa yahawe na Ambasade ya Esipanye i Lagos bwagaragazaga ko “impamvu z’urugendo rwe n’imimerere yarwo bitari bifite ishingiro.”
Si Anyaegbu kuko muri 2024, abantu 50,376 bo muri Nigeria bimwe visa za Schengen z’iminsi 90. Uyu mubare ungana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’abasabye ubwo bwoko bwa visa, ibigaragazwa n’imibare mishya yaturutse mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU).
Nk’uko bimeze na hano mu Rwanda, umuntu usaba Visa atanga amafaranga adasubizwa.
Muri Nigeria, buri wese usabwe visa atanga amafaranga adasubizwa angana n’ama-euro 90 cyangwa se asaga ibihumbi 140,000 by’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda.
Ibi bivuze ko Abanyanijeriya bonyine batakaje asaga miliyoni 4.5 z’ama-euro bashaka uburenganzira bwo kujya mu bihugu 29 bigize agace ka Schengen.
Mu bihugu bya Afurika byose hamwe, imibare igaragaza ko abangiwe kwinjira i Burayi batakaje miliyoni 60 z’ama-euro ($67.5M) ku mafaranga ya visa adasubizwa bari batanze.
Ni ibyagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na LAGO Collective, ihuriro ryo mu Bwongereza ryibanda ku bushakashatsi n’ubuhanzi. Iri tsinda rivuga ko Afurika ari wo mugabane wahuye n’ingaruka zikabije z’iki kibazo.
Umuyobozi w’iri huriro, Marta Foresti, yabwiye CNN dukesha iyi nkuru ati: “Ibihugu bikennye ni byo byishyura ibihugu bikize amafaranga y’ikiguzi cya visa bikarangira batanayibonye. Mu mwaka wa 2024, kimwe no mu 2023, uko igihugu gisaba visa gikennye, ni ko amahirwe yo kuyihabwa agabanuka. Ibihugu nka Ghana, Senegal na Nijeriya bifite igipimo cyo kwangirwa visa kiri hagati ya 40% na 50%.”
Ibi ngo ni ibimenyetso bigaragaza ivangura rishingiye ku buryo ibintu byubatswe mu miyoborere y’ibyemezo.
Umuvugizi wa Komisiyo y’Uburayi yabwiye CNN ko buri gihugu cy’umunyamuryango gisuzuma dosiye ku giti cyayo, hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’urugendo, ubushobozi bwo kwigenga mu gihe cy’urugendo, ndetse n’ibyagaragaza ko usaba azagaruka mu gihugu cye.
Icyakora benshi mu Banyafurika bavuga ko harimo akarengane cyane ko badasobanurirwa bihagije impamvu batemerewe visa.
Jean Mboulé, Umunyakameruni wavukiye mu Bufaransa, avuga ko mu 2022 ubwo yasabaga visa we n’umugore we bifashishije inyandiko zisa, ariko we arangirwa, umugore we arayihabwa.
Ati “Icyo gihe umugore wanjye ntiyari afite akazi, kandi afite ubwenegihugu bwa Afurika y’Epfo. Nta mwuga yari afite, ariko yahawe visa ishingiye ku nyandiko zanjye.”
Ambasade y’u Bufaransa yavuze ko inyandiko ze ari impimbano, kandi ko batizeye ko azagaruka muri Afurika y’Epfo aho asanzwe atuye.
Mboulé, w’imyaka 39, yareze iyo ambasade mu nkiko z’u Bufaransa maze aratsinda, urukiko rutegeka ambasade kumuha visa no kumwishyura amayero 1,200.
Yagaragarije urukiko rwa Nantes ko kwangirwa kwe byashingiwe ku mpamvu zidafite ishingiro, kandi ko yari afite ibimenyetso bihagije by’uko yari kuzagaruka, nk’uko asanzwe atuye hamwe n’umugore n’umukobwa we aho atunze inzu.
Ariko nyuma yo kubona visa, yahisemo kujya muri Maurice aho kujya mu Bufaransa, ngo kuko atashakaga guta amafaranga ye aho batamwubashye.
Mboulé ni umwe mu bake bajyana mu nkiko ibyemezo byo kwangirwa visa, Abanyafurika benshi ntibajuririra ahubwo barongera bagasaba, bagatakaza andi mafaranga nk’uko Anyaegbu yabigenje.
Foresti yongeraho ati: “Aya mafaranga atakara kubera visa zangwa ni nk’amafaranga yoherezwa aturutse mu bihugu bikennye ajya mu bikize, ariko ntibabivugaho.”
Kuva muri Nyakanga 2024, amafaranga ya visa ya Schengen yarazamuwe ava ku ma-euro €80 agera kuri €90, ibintu byarushijeho kongera igitutu ku basaba baturuka mu bihugu bikennye.
Sikhumbuzo Maisela, umwarimu w’imicungire yo muri Afurika y’Epfo, yabwiye CNN ko igipimo cyo kwangirwa visa ku Banyafurika kitari hejuru cyane.
Ati: “Uburyo basuzuma visa bushingiye ku mateka y’imyitwarire, aho bamwe mu bayihabwa bagiye barenga ku mategeko, bagasigara mu bihugu cyangwa bagakora ibitemewe.”
Avuga ko visa ari igikorwa cyo kwizerana, bityo Abanyafurika bagomba kubaha ayo mahirwe. Ati “Iyo umuntu umwe yica ayo mategeko, bituma abandi bazira amakosa atari ayabo.”
Julius Musimeenta, Umunya-Uganda w’imyaka57 avuga ko mu 2024 we n’umuryango we w’abantu batandatu bangiwe visa yo kujya mu imurikagurisha ry’ubwubatsi i Munich mu Budage. Bose bari barigeze kujya i Burayi mbere.
Ati: “Abanyafurika dutera inkunga izi ambasade binyuze mu kwangirwa visa. Bafite imyumvire mibi ko tutagomba gusura ibihugu byabo.”
Nubwo Komisiyo y’u Burayi yavuze ko itagira icyo ivuga ku manza ku giti cyazo, itegeko rya EU rivuga ko uwangiwe visa afite uburenganzira bwo kujurira.
Impamvu zitangwa harimo gutanga inyandiko mpimbano, ibyangombwa by’ubukungu bitajyanye n’ukuri, n’ibimenyetso bike by’uko umuntu ashobora kuzagaruka mu gihugu cye.
Visa za Schengen nizo zitera impaka cyane kuko zifungura ibihugu byinshi, ariko n’abasaba visa zo kujya mu Bwongereza bafite ibibazo bisa.
Guhera muri Nyakanga 2024, amafaranga ya visa y’u Bwongereza yarazamuwe ava ku ma-euro 100 agera ku £127. Ibyo byatumye amafaranga y’izo visa zanzwe mu 2024 azamuka agera kuri £50.7M ($68.8M).
