Guverinoma y’u Rwanda iri gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga witwa ‘Digital Acceleration Project’ ufite agaciro ka miliyari 280 Frw ($200), uterwa inkunga na Banki y’Isi. Intego y’uyu mushinga ni ukongera uburyo bwo kugera kuri murandasi (internet) yihuta, gushyira serivisi za Leta mu ikoranabuhanga, no kongerera abaturage bose amahirwe yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu nzego z’ingenzi z’igihugu, nk’ubuzima, uburezi n’ubuhinzi.
Uyu mushinga watangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuva mu 2022, biteganijwe ko, mu 2026, uzaba ugeze ku kigero cya 55% ushyirwa mu bikorwa, nk’uko byatangajwe na Innocent Bagamba Muhizi, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ikoranabuhanga, Itumanaho n’Isakazabumenyi (RISA), ubwo yagezaga kubagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ikiganiro ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo ku wa 7 Nyakanga 2025.
Nk’uko tubikesha TNT, ibi ni bimwe mu bikorwa biri muri uyu mushinga wo kwihutisha ikoranabuhanga bitarenze mu mwaka wa 2026.
Kwagura uburyo bwo kugera ku ikoranabuhanga ku baturage
Nk’uko Banki y’Isi ibivuga, imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi z’uyu mushinga ni ukongerera abaturage uburyo bwo kugera kuri serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane mu bice bitagerwamo nizo serivisi ndetse no mu baturage basanzwe baracikanywe.
Ibi bizagerwaho binyuze mu ngamba zateguwe hagamijwe gukemura imbogamizi ziri ku ruhande rw’abagenerwabikorwa (demand-side barriers), zirimo kubura murandasi, ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bihenze cyane, no kuba abaturage benshi badafite ubumenyi buhagije mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga.
Uyu mushinga ushyigikira kandi gahunda zo gushyiraho ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bihendutse, gahunda zo guhugura abaturage ku ikoranabuhanga ku rwego rw’igihugu, ndetse no kugeza murandasi ku bigo bya Leta bitari biyifite, nk’ibiro bya Leta, amashuri, ibitaro, amasoko n’ahandi.
Ibi byose bigamije kugira ngo Abanyarwanda benshi bashobore kugera kuri murandasi yihuta no kubona serivisi zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.
Ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bihendutse kuri bose
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya icyuho kiri hagati y’abafite amahirwe yo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga n’abatayafite (digital divide), uyu mushinga uzatanga inkunga y’amafaranga igenewe gufasha ingo zifite ubushobozi buke, abanyeshuri, n’abarimu kugira ngo babashe kubona ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bigezweho.
Iyi gahunda iyobowe na RISA ku bufatanye na Banki y’u Rwanda itsura amajyambere (BRD), izakora nk’umuhuza mu bijyanye no gutanga inguzanyo, itange serivisi z’imari zijyanye no kugura ibyo bikoresho, ndetse inakurikirane ikigega cyihariye kizafasha kugura ibyo bikoresho.
Iyo gahunda izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu byiciro, itangirire ku mishinga y’igerageza, hanyuma yongererwe ibipimo hashingiwe ku byavuye mu isesengura ryakozwe mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu. Isesengura ry’isoko hamwe n’inyigo y’ubushobozi bwayo bizafasha gutegura neza gahunda, harimo no kureba uburyo izakomeza na nyuma y’igihe cy’umushinga.
Inyunganizi z’amafaranga (subsidies) zagenewe ingo zikennye cyane zizashingira ku byiciro by’ubudehe hamwe n’amakuru ahari muri za porogaramu za Leta zifasha abatishoboye.
Gahunda yo guhugura abaturage bose ku ikoranabuhanga
Mu rwego rwo gukuraho icyuho kiri mu bumenyi mu by’ikoranabuhanga (digital skills gap), uyu mushinga uzagura gahunda y’Intumwa z’Ikoranabuhanga (Digital Ambassadors Programme – DAP), bityo igere mu tugari twose 2,148 tw’u Rwanda.
Iyi gahunda igamije gutoza abaturage gukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga na serivisi zishingiye kuri murandasi mu buryo bwizewe kandi buboneye.
Banki y’Isi yagaragaje ko kubura ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga no kuba abaturage benshi badafite ubumenyi mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ari bimwe mu bibazo bikomeye bituma abantu batagerwaho n’inyungu z’ikoranabuhanga — ibyo bibazo bikaba ari byo uyu mushinga wihaye gukemura byihutirwa.
Murandasi yihuta ku bigo bya Leta
Iki gice cy’umushinga gifite ingengo y’imari ya miliyoni 33.5 z’amadolari ya Amerika, kizageza murandasi yihuta cyane (broadband) ku biro bya Leta, amashuri, ibitaro, n’ahatangirwa serivisi rusange hataragerwaho na murandasi.
Harimo kandi gahunda yo kubaka urusobe rw’itumanaho rwa Leta rufite umutekano kandi rwizewe (GovNet), ruzahuza ibigo bya Leta biri ku rwego rw’igihugu, uturere, imirenge n’utugari.
Ahakorerwa ubucuruzi cyane na ho hazashyirwamo Wi-Fi rusange, hagamijwe guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga.
Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza abikorera gushora imari, Leta izashyira hamwe ibyifuzo by’abakenera murandasi, inagure ubushobozi bwayo mbere y’uko ishyirwa mu duce twatoranyijwe.
Gushyira serivisi za Leta mu ikoranabuhanga
Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubushobozi bwa Leta mu gutanga serivisi zizewe, zinoze kandi zirambye hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, uyu mushinga urimo gutegura urubuga rusangiwe n’inzego zihuriweho mu ikoranabuhanga, zishingiye ku mikoranire y’inzego zitandukanye (interoperability), gukoresha amakuru mu gufata ibyemezo, ndetse no gutanga serivisi hatifashishijwe impapuro cyangwa amafaranga mu ntoki.
Hazashorwa imari mu rwego rwo kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga indangamuntu z’ikoranabuhanga (digital ID systems), gushyiraho serivisi zizewe zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga (trust services), no guteza imbere ubushobozi bwo gusesengura amakuru menshi (big data capabilities) ibi byose bikazafasha Leta gufata ibyemezo byubakiye ku makuru afatika no gukora igenamigambi rinoze.
Gukomeza kwagura indangamuntu y’ikoranabuhanga
Inyongera ya miliyoni 39.3 z’amadolari ya Amerika izakoreshwa mu kunoza uburyo bwo gutanga indangamuntu no kwandika abaturage mu Rwanda. Ibi bizajyana no gushyiraho uburyo bushya bwo kumenya umwirondoro w’uyikoresha hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, n’ibikoresho byo gusinya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga (e-signature), hagamijwe koroheraza abaturage bari kure kugera kuri serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwizewe.
Iyi gahunda izubakira ku buryo bw’ubwirinzi bukomatanyije bw’u Rwanda buzwi nka Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), kandi izafasha mu gukomeza ubushobozi bw’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Indangamuntu (NIDA), hagamijwe gutanga indangamuntu y’ikoranabuhanga (digital ID) mu buryo “bworoshye” kandi bwagenewe gukoreshwa n’inzego za Leta n’iz’abikorera.
Iri shoramari ryitezweho guteza imbere ihangwa ry’udushya mu rwego rw’abikorera binyuze mu kunoza uburyo bwo kwemeza umwirondoro w’abantu, ari byo bifasha cyane mu mikorere y’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.
Serivisi z’Ikoranabuhanga mu Buzima, Ubuhinzi, no mu Buyobozi
Hari ingengo y’imari ya miliyoni 32.3 z’amadolari ya Amerika yateganyijwe kugira ngo habeho kwagura serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga zifite ireme mu nzego z’ingenzi, zirimo ubuzima, umutekano, ubuhinzi, inzego zibanze, ubucuruzi, n’inganda.
Urugero, urubuga rwa E-Ubuzima rufasha mu gushyira serivisi z’ubuvuzi mu ikoranabuhanga no kugabanya igihe abarwayi bamara bategereje mu bitaro.
Nanone, sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga ishinzwe gucunga ibyemezo byo kubaka (Building Permit Management Information System) nayo yashyizwe ku rwego rwo hejuru muri uyu mushinga, bigatuma ibyemezo bijyanye no gutunganya imijyi bitangwa mu buryo bwihuse kandi butunganye.
Umutekano w’Ikoranabuhanga no Kurinda Amakuru
Mu rwego rwo gukumira ibyago biterwa no kwihuta kw’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rya serivisi, miliyoni 19.5 z’amadolari ya Amerika zashyizwe ku ruhande kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwo kurinda umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga no kurinda amakuru.
Uyu mushinga uzashyiraho uburyo bukomeye bwo kurinda umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga, kongera ubushobozi mu bikorwa no mu by’ubumenyi, ndetse no guhugura abahanga mu by’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga.
Hazanatangwa inkunga mu ishyirwaho ry’Ibiro bishinzwe Kurinda Amakuru (Data Protection Office – DPO) bizakurikirana ko amategeko arengera amakuru yubahirizwa.
Hari ubufasha buzongerwa kandi ku bigo birimo Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Umutekano w’Ikoranabuhanga (NCSA) ndetse na Rwanda Computer Security Incident Response Team, bishinzwe gucunga no gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’umutekano w’ikoranabuhanga.