Mu myaka irenga icumi ishize, ubuyobozi n’imiyoborere y’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda byanyuze mu mpinduka zitandukanye, zigaragaza uburyo guverinoma yagiye igerageza guhuza inshingano zo kwita ku Itangazamakuru nubwo uwavuga ko irangi ritaranoga ataba ari kure y’ukuri.
Mu ntangiriro, itangazamakuru ryari mu cyahoze ari Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu, Itangazamakuru n’Imibereho myiza y’Abaturage, mbere yo guhabwa Minisiteri yaryo yihariye.
Minisiteri y’Itangazamakuru yabayeho iyobowe bwa mbere na Prof. Laurent Nkusi, nyuma aza gusimburwa na Louise Mushikiwabo, uyoboye Umuryango w’Ibihugu bikoresha ururimi rw’Igifaransa kuri ubu.
Nyuma y’imyaka micye gusa, iyi minisiteri nayo yarasheshwe, inshingano zayo zishyirwa nzego zitandukanye.
Aha ni ho hatangiriye urugendo rw’ivugururwa ry’uburyo itangazamakuru rigenzurwa.
Kwimukira muri MINALOC
Tariki ya 25 Mata 2012, mu muhango w’ihererekanyabubasha, Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu James Musoni yatangaje ko Minisiteri ayoboraga ariyo igiye kwita ku iterambere ry’itangazamakuru. Icyo gihe yavuze ko kuba ari ubwa kabiri itangazamakuru rije muri MINALOC, bizafasha kubyaza umusaruro ubunararibonye bwari buhari.
Icyo gihe, Minisiteri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu yahise ishyikirizwa inshingano zo gukurikirana imikorere y’itangazamakuru, ku bufatanye n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imiyoborere (RGB), yari imaze igihe ishinzwe guteza imbere imiyoborere myiza.
Gushyira inshingano mu bigo bitandukanye
Nyuma yo gusesa Minisiteri y’Itangazamakuru, imirimo yayo yatatanyijwe mu buryo bukurikira:
Kongera ubushobozi bw’itangazamakuru n’amahugurwa byashyizwe mu Nama y’Igihugu y’Itangazamakuru (MHC), Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’Umuvunnyi ruhabwa kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’itegeko ryo kubona amakuru mu gihe Ministeri y’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu (MINALOC) yari ifite kugenzura imiyoborere rusange y’itangazamakuru.
Icyakora uko imyaka yagiye ishira, niko impinduka ku bashinzwe itangazamakuru zakomeje kugaragara.
Inama y’Igihugu y’Itangazamakuru (MHC) yarasheshwe, inshingano zayo zishyirwa muri RGB. Ibi byatumye habaho zimwe mu nshingano zagaragaraga muri MINALOC na RGB, ibyatezaga urujijo mu miyoborere y’itangazamakuru.
Nk’uko bitangazwa na TNT, kuri ubu Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo gukuraho urwo rujijo, ishyira ubuyobozi bwose bw’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda muri RGB.
Jean Bosco Rushingabigwi, Umuyobozi w’ishami ry’itangazamakuru muri RGB, avuga ko hari igihe MINALOC yakoraga inshingano zisa n’izikorwa na RGB mu itangazamakuru. Ati “Ibyo byatumaga habaho kudahuza mu mikoranire.”
Iki cyemezo kije mu gihe Umuyobozi Mukuru wa RGB yazamuwe ku rwego rwa Minisitiri, bityo ibibazo birebana n’itangazamakuru bikazajya bigera byihuse mu nama y’Abaminisitiri.
Imiyoborere y’itangazamakuru kuri ubu
Kuri ubu, imiyoborere y’itangazamakuru mu Rwanda ishingiye ku nzego eshatu ari zo; Urwego rw’Abanyamakuru bigenzura (RMC), rushinzwe kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’amahame y’itangazamakuru, Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe kugenzura imikorere y’inzego zimwe z’imirimo ifitiye Igihugu akamaro (RURA), ishinzwe imirongo n’iminara y’ibitangazamakuru n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Imiyoborere (RGB) ishinzwe igenzura rusange n’ihuzabikorwa ry’itangazamakuru.
Kuri ubu, RGB yamaze gushyiraho Itsinda ry’Inama Ngishwanama y’Itangazamakuru (Media Sector Technical Group), rihuza inzego za Leta, amashyirahamwe y’abanyamakuru, ibitangazamakuru n’imiryango itari iya Leta, mu rwego rwo koroshya ubufatanye.
Nubwo icyemezo cyo guha inshingano RGB zo kwita ku itangazamakuru, bamwe mu banyamakuru bavuga ko ishami rya RGB rishinzwe itangazamakuru rikwiye kongererwa imbaraga, rikanahabwa kwita no gukurikirana imbuga nkoranyambaga, abanyamakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ndetse n’abandi bakora umwuga w’itangazamakuru mu buryo bushya buzwi nka ‘Citizen Journalism’.
Icyakora hari n’ababona ko Minisiteri y’Ikoranabuhanga na Inovasiyo (ICT) ishobora guhabwa inshingano zo kwita ku itangazamakuru kuko hafi 75% ryaryo rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga.
Politiki y’itangazamakuru iracyategerejwe
Nubwo hari intambwe ishimishije, haracyari politiki nshya y’itangazamakuru yanditswe mu 2023 ariko ikaba itaremezwa ngo itangire gushyirwa mu bikorwa, mu gihe Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yasabye mu 2025 ko yihutishwa.
Iyo politiki izaba igamije gukemura ibibazo by’imikorere, guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikoranabuhanga, ubwiyongereye bw’itangazamakuru ry’abaturage (citizen journalism), ndetse n’ikwirakwira ry’amakuru y’ibihuha.
