Muhammadu Buhari,  wahoze ayobora Nigeria yitabye Imana afite imyaka 82 azize uburwayi. Uyu mugabo wari umaze igihe yivuriza mu Bwongereza, yashizemo umwuka ku cyumweru tariki ya 13 Nyakanga 2025, ahagana saa 4:30 z’umugoroba ku isaha y’i Kigali nk’uko byemejwe n’umuvugizi wa Perezida Bola Tinubu uri ku butegetsi.

Mu butumwa bwanyujijwe kuri X umuvugizi wa Perezida Tinubu yagize ati:”Perezida Buhari yitabye Imana uyu munsi i Londres ahagana saa 4:30 z’umugoroba nyuma y’uburwayi bwamaze igihe kirekire.”

Buhari yayoboye Nigeria mu buryo bwa demokarasi guhera mu 2015 kugeza mu 2023. Ariko mbere yaho, yari yarayoboye iki gihugu mu buryo bwa gisirikare mu myaka ya 1980, ubwo yahirikaga ubutegetsi bwariho. Ni nawe Perezida wa mbere wa Nigeria wigeze gutsinda amatora ahigitse Perezida wari uri ku butegetsi.

Yamamaye cyane mu mvugo ze zo kurwanya ruswa, byamuhesheje izina rikomeye ndetse no gushyigikirwa n’abaturage benshi, by’umwihariko abakene bo mu Majyaruguru ya Nigeria, bamenyerewe ku izina rya “talakawa” mu rurimi rw’Igihawusa.

Buhari yiyitaga “umudemokarate wahindutse” (converted democrat), aho yasimbuje imyambaro ya gisirikare amakanzu n’ingofero z’amasengesho, kandi akomeza kubwira abamushyigikiye n’abamunenga ati: “Ndi uwa bose kandi ndi uwa buri wese.”

Ubwo yatsindaga amatora yo mu 2015, yari ashyigikiwe n’amashyaka atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yari yishyize hamwe. Abamushyigikiye bari bizeye ko ubunararibonye bwe mu gisirikare buzatuma abasha guhashya umutwe wa Boko Haram wari waragize akarere k’Amajyaruguru indiri y’iterabwoba.

Yari yarasezeranyije abaturage byinshi birimo kurwanya ruswa, gukuraho icyenewabo, no guhanga imirimo ku rubyiruko. Nyamara ibyo yijeje ntibyabaye impamo.

Mu gihe cye ku butegetsi, ubukungu bwa Nigeria bwarahundabanye bitewe n’igabanuka ry’ibiciro bya peteroli ku isoko mpuzamahanga,  ikintu igihugu cyari gishingiyeho cyane.

Ibyo byajyanye no kwiyongera kw’ubushomeri, kudashobora guhashya imitwe y’iterabwoba nka Boko Haram, n’iyicwa ry’abantu benshi kubera  amakimbirane yari  hagati mu baturage.

Ibyo byatumye, Ubutegetsi bwe  bunengwa cyane uburyo bwitwa ku kibazo cy’umutekano mucye, ndetse n’akajagari ka politiki, ku buryo abaturage benshi batangiye kumuca intege mbere y’uko asoza manda ye ya kabiri mu 2023.

Ubuzima n’amateka ye

Muhammadu Buhari yavukiye i Daura, muri Leta ya Katsina mu Majyaruguru ya Nigeria mu Ukuboza 1942, mu gihe igihugu cyari kigituwe n’Abongereza. Se yari Umufulani, nyina wamutoye ari Umukanuri. Yigeze kuvuga ko ari umwana wa 23 wa se n’uwa 13 wa nyina.

Yize amashuri abanza i Daura, yoherezwa kwiga muri boarding school i Katsina, hanyuma yinjira mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya Nigeria. Yize n’amasomo y’aba ofisiye mu Bwongereza hagati ya 1962 na 1963. Yagiye azamurwa mu ntera kugeza ubwo yabaye guverineri w’Intara y’Amajyaruguru n’Uburasirazuba, nyuma aza kugirwa Minisitiri w’Ingufu muri 1976.

Mu 1983, nyuma y’intambara yatewe n’abasirikare b’Abanya-Cadi bigaruriye ibirwa bya Nigeria mu kiyaga cya Tchad, Buhari yakoze igikorwa cy’amateka cyo kubasubiza inyuma no kubuza ako gace kwinjirwamo n’inyeshyamba.

Nyuma y’ihirikwa rya Perezida Shehu Shagari mu mpera z’uwo mwaka, Buhari yagizwe umuyobozi wa gisirikare wa Nigeria. Yategetse amezi 20, ashyira imbere intambara yo kurwanya ruswa n’imyitwarire mibi, ariko anengwa gukoresha igitugu no guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Muri icyo gihe yafunze abategetsi, abanyemari n’abanyapolitiki barenga 500.

Yategetse ko, abakozi ba leta batinze ku kazi basabwaga gukora ikizwi nka “frog jumps”mu ruhame, afunga abanyamakuru ndetse n’umuhanzi wari ukunzwe witwaga Fela Kuti yarafunzwe ku birego benshi bitaga ko byari impimbano.

Sibyo gusa kuko yanashyizeho itegeko rihagarika ibitumizwa mu mahanga kwinjira mu gihugu, ategeka ko inoti zose zikoreshwa zahinduka ndetse abaturage bakazijyana mu mabanki mu gihe gito, ibyo byateje imiryangao myinshi kubura imirimo.

Mu 1985, Buhari yafunzwe mu gihe cy’amazi 40 bituma Jenerali Ibrahim Babangida afata ubutegetsi .

Nyuma yo gufungurwa, yavuze ko yamenye akamaro k’amatora n’ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi. Yaje kwiyamamaza inshuro eshatu atsindwa, aza gutsinda mu 2015.

Nubwo yagiye agaragaza ko yizeye demokarasi, yakomeje kuvuga ko ihirikwa rya Shagari mu 1983 ryari rikenewe, kuko ubutegetsi bwari bwarananiwe. Yanavuze ko ibyo yakoze byose mu gihe cye nka Perezida w’igisirikare byari bihuje n’amategeko.