Mu Rwanda, abantu benshi bakunze gukoresha imvugo igira iti “Izuba ryavuye none bwayaze.” Iyi mvugo akenshi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gihe cy’impeshyi cyangwa mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe bukabije mu zuba. Impuguke mu by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe zigaragaza ko izuba rikaze n’ubushyuhe bukabije bishobora gutera cyangwa kongera ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, cyane cyane ku bantu basanganywe ibyo bibazo, ariko n’abandi ntibabura kugirwaho ingaruka n’ibyo bihe.
Mu kiganiro kihariye ICK News yagiranye na Harerimana Eugene, impuguke mu buvuzi bw’indwara zishingiye ku marangamutima, imitekereze n’imyitwarire y’amuntu, muri Kigali Mental Health Referral Centre, yagaragaje ko ihindagurika ry’ibihe nk’izuba rikaze rizana ubushyuhe bwinshi rigira uruhare ku myitwarire y’abantu bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Ati: “Impeshyi ni igihe kirangwamo ubushyuhe bukabije, ubwo rero iyo turi mu mpeshyi hari igihe umuntu yumva umubiri we utameze neza, uko kutamera neza bitera umujagararo cyangwa stress. Umuntu usanzwe ufite ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe bitewe n’uwo mujagararo cyangwa iyo stress, iyo umubajije ashobora kugusubiza ibintu biterekeranye n’ibyo umubajije. Muri icyo gihe umubiri uba ukeneye amazi menshi, iyo utayabonye bikomeza kongera wa mujagararo umuntu yarafite bikaba akarusho kuri wa muntu ufite uburwayi bw’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.”
Impuguke Eugene kandi yemeza ko ubwo bushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kugira uruhare mu guhindura imyitwarire n’imikorere y’ubwonko ku bantu basanzwe bafite ibibazo by’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, kuko bo nta mahitamo baba bafite yo kugama cyangwa guhunga izuba ryinshi wenda ngo ajye ahantu hari agacucu n’akayaga. Ibyo bituma abira ibyuya byinshi, agahumeka insigane, bigatuma cya kibazo yari afite gishobora kwiyongera kuko ubwo bushyuhe bukangura bya bimenyetso by’ubwo burwayi, ikibazo kikiyongera.
Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Eugene, ngo ibibazo bikunze guterwa n’ubushyuhe cyangwa izuba rikabije birimo guhangayika cyane, umutwe udakira ndetse bamwe bakaba basara.
Yagize ati: “Hari n’igihe ushobora kubona umuntu yirukanse mu muhanda, atoragura ibintu abonye byose mbese ubona ko ari mu isi ye, noneho abantu bashobora kugira agahinda gakabije ndetse n’umuhangayiko, wenda ahangayikishijwe n’uko ibintu byose byumye.”
Ariko kandi, ibi ntibishatse kuvuga ko ubushyuhe cyangwa izuba ryinshi bishobora gutuma umuntu wari muzima udafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe agira icyo kibazo nk’uko , Eugene akomeza abisobanura.
Ati: “Ntabwo ubushyuhe bushobora kuba intandaro y’uburwayi ku buryo umuntu ashobora kwirukanka mu muhanda, ahubwo wenda bishobora gutuma umuntu agira umuhangayiko ndetse n’agahinda gakabije bitewe n’ikintu kigeze kumuhungabanya ariko gikomoka kuri ibyo bihe n’ubundi agiye kugeramo.”
Buriya ngo ubushyuhe bukabije bunafite uburyo bwinshi bukoreshamo ingufu zabwo ku bwonko. Iyo bugeze ku rwego rurenze ubushobozi bw’umubiri, bishobora gutuma umuntu atakaza amazi, agira umunaniro ukabije, ntabashe gutekereza neza, ndetse no gufata imyanzuro ifatika. Ibi bigira ingaruka ku bantu bose, ariko bikaba bibi cyane ku bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe.
Mu rwego rwo gufasha abantu bafite bene ibi bibazo ndetse n’imiryango ibitaho, mu bitaro byinshi hagiye hashyirwamo amashami yita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe aho bakora ibikorwa birimo gushyira abarwayi ku miti ibafasha guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’amarangamutima, kubaha inama ku mirire n’imyitwarire ikwiye mu bihe by’ubushyuhe, ndetse no kubakurikirana hafi cyane kandi hagira uwo babonaho ibimenyetso bakihutira kumwegereza ibitaro afashwe nk’uko Eugene yabigaragaje.
Byongeye kandi, imiryango ifite abafite ibibazo nk’ibi, impuguke Eugene abagira inama yo kubitaho mu kubafasha kwivuza, akanasaba abantu muri rusange kwihatira kunywa amazi menshi atari uko umubiri uyasabye. Ati:
“Mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe umuntu aba agomba kunywa amazi menshi asumba ayo yanywaga mu gihe cy’ubukonje. Nanone kandi imiryango ifite abafite ubwo burwayi iba igomba kubitaho ikabafasha kwivuza kuko ubu burwayi bugira uburyo bugabanya ubushobozi bwa muntu mu bijyanye n’imitekerereze cyangwa se mu gufata imyanzuro ku buryo iyo adafashijwe muri byabihe ntamenya neza uburyo ari buhunge rya zuba, ibi bikaba bishobora gutuma uburwayi bwe bwiyongera.”
Mu gusoza, impuguke Eugene yasabye abatuye u Rwanda bose ko bagomba gukumira ibintu bishobora kongera ibyago by’uko abantu barwara mu mutwe, harimo amakimbirane yo mu muryango, ikoreshwa ry’ibiyobyabwenge, ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu muryango n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Hagira ugira ibyago byo kurwara, hakihutirwa kugana abajyanama b’ubuzima, amavuriro n’ibitaro bibegereye, kandi umaze kuvurwa tukamwakira mu muryango tukamusubiza mu buzima busanzwe.
Nk’uko tubikesha ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hagati y’umwaka wa 1999-2020 n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri University of Adelaide mu Bushinwa no muri Australia, ngo izamuka rya dogere 1°C y’ubushyuhe ishobora kongerera abantu barwaye indwara zo mu mutwe ibyago byo gupfa ku kigero cya 2.2%. Iryo zamuka kandi rihindura imibereho ya benshi, kuko rizamura ku kigero cya 0.9% umubare w’abarwara indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa bajyanwa kwa muganga bazira ihungabana ryatewe n’ubushyuhe bukabije.
Abashakashatsi kandi bemeje ko ubushyuhe bwinshi bushobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutera indwara nka: agahinda gakabije (depression), uburakari bukabije (aggression), indwara z’imitekerereze nka schizophrenia, ndetse no kwiyongera kw’ibyago byo kwiyahura.
Mu Rwanda, nubwo nta bushakashatsi bwihariye burakorwa bwerekana imikoranire iri hagati y’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru n’indwara zo mu mutwe, imibare y’ibitaro bya Ndera byita ku barwayi b’indwara zo mu mutwe igaragaza ko mu mwaka wa 2023/2024, byakiriye abarwayi barenga 4,600 barwaye depression.
