Ubushakashatsi bushya bwakorewe muri Amerika ya Ruguru bugaragaza ko ikizamini cy’amaraso gishobora gutahura ubwoko burenga 50 bwa kanseri, bigafasha gutahura indwara hakiri kare no kuvurwa igakira.
BBC dukesha iyi nkuru ivuga ko igeragezwa ryakorewe ku bantu bakuru 25,000 bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada mu gihe cy’umwaka, ryagaragaje ko hafi umuntu 1 muri 100 yasanzwemo ibimenyetso by’iyo ndwara. Mu 62% by’abo, nyuma y’andi masuzuma, kanseri yaje kwemezwa koko ko ihari.
Iki kizamini, kizwi ku izina rya ‘Galleri test’, cyakozwe n’isosiyete y’Abanyamerika ikora imiti yitwa Grail. Gikorana n’uburyo bugezweho bushobora gutahura uduce duto tw’uturemangingo (ADN) twa kanseri tuba twaratandukanyije n’ibibyimba (tumors) tukaba turi kuzenguruka mu maraso.
Kugeza ubu, iki kizamini kiri kugeragezwa n’Ikigo cy’Ubuzima mu Bwongereza (NHS) kugira ngo harebwe uko cyakoreshwa mu buvuzi busanzwe.
Byagaragaye ko mu bantu barenga 99% basanze nta kanseri bafite, koko batayirwaye, bityo ikizamini kikaba gifite ubushobozi bwo kwirinda gutanga ibisubizo bitari byo (faux positifs), ibintu bikunze kuba imbogamizi mu bindi bipimo.
Ibipimo byagaragaje ko kanseri zirenga 50% zagaragaye hakiri kare, igihe amahirwe yo kuzivura neza no gukira aba ari menshi cyane.
By’umwihariko, kanseri 3 kuri 4 zagaragajwe na Galleri ni izidafite uburyo busanzwe bwo gupimwa (screening), zirimo: kanseri y’intanga ngore (ovarian cancer), kanseri y’umwijima, kanseri y’igifu, kanseri y’uruhago (bladder), na kanseri y’urwagashya (pancreatic cancer).
Ikindi kandi, mu bantu 9 ku 10, iki kizamini cyashoboye gutahura neza inkomoko ya kanseri mu mubiri, ikintu gifasha abaganga gutegura neza uburyo bwo kuvura.
Iyo cyunganiriye uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima kanseri y’ibere, iy’amara manini n’iy’inkondo y’umura, umubare w’abatahurwaho kanseri wiyongera inshuro 7, ugereranyije no gupima izo eshatu zonyine.
Dr Nima Nabavizadeh, umwarimu wungirije mu buvuzi bukoresha imirasire (radiation medicine) muri Oregon Health & Science University, akaba yaranayoboye ubu bushakashatsi yavuze ko “Aya makuru agaragaza ko iki kizamini gishobora guhindura burundu uburyo dusanzwe dupima kanseri.”
Yasobanuye ko gutahura kanseri hakiri kare byongera amahirwe yo kuyivura neza, ndetse bikaba bishobora gutanga icyizere cyo gukira burundu.
Sir Harpal Kumar, umuyobozi ushinzwe iby’ubuvuzi na farumasi muri Grail, yabwiye BBC ati: “Ibi biduha amahirwe yo gutahura kanseri nyinshi, harimo n’izikaze cyane, hakiri kare, igihe dufite uburyo bwo kuzirwanya bukora neza kandi bushobora gutanga icyizere cyo gukira.”
Nubwo ibi bisubizo bitanga icyizere kinini, abashakashatsi batagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi baracyasaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Clare Turnbull, umwarimu wa ‘translational cancer genetics’ muri The Institute of Cancer Research i Londres, yagize ati: “Amakuru avuye mu bushakashatsi bwa burundu bwitondewe, azaba ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane niba gutahura kanseri hakiri kare binyuze muri Galleri bigira koko ingaruka nziza ku buzima bw’abantu.”
Amakuru avuye mu bushakashatsi bwa burundu bwitondewe, aho gupfa (mortality) ari cyo gipimo nyamukuru kirebwaho, azaba ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hamenyekane niba gutahura kanseri hakiri kare binyuze mu kizamini cya Galleri bigira koko akamaro mu kugabanya imfu.”
Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku rwego rusange (topline results) biteganyijwe gutangazwa ku mugaragaro kuri uyu wa Gatandatu, mu nama y’Ihuriro ry’Abanyabugeni mu Buvuzi bwa Kanseri (European Society for Medical Oncology) irabera i Berlin mu Budage.
Gusa kugeza ubu, ibisobanuro byimbitse ntibirashyirwa mu kinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi cyemewe (peer-reviewed journal), bivuze ko hakiri inzira yo kugenzura no kwemeza ubuziranenge bw’aya makuru mbere y’uko yakirwa nk’ukuri kwa gihanga.
