Ku Cyumweru, tariki ya 8 Ukuboza 2024, i Paris mu murwa mukuru w’Ubufaransa hateganyijwe ibirori byo kongera gufungura Ketederali ‘Notre Dame’ nyuma y’imyaka itanu iri gusanwa kubera inkongi y’umuriro yari yarayangije bikomeye.
Ni ibirori biteganyijwe ko bizitabirwa n’abanyacyubahiro bo hirya no hino ku Isi barimo Abaperezida n’abakuru ba za guverinoma bagera kuri 50. Muri bo, harimo na Perezida watowe wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Donald J. Trump uzaba akoze urugendo nyambukiranyamipaka rwe rwa mbere nyuma yo gutorerwa kongera kuyobora Amerika.
Tariki ya 29 Ugushyingo 2024 nibwo Perezida w’Ubufaransa, Emmanuel Macron yatambagijwe iyi kiliziya nyuma y’imirimo ikomeye yo kuyivugurura, cyane ko Leta y’Ubufaransa ariyo yavuguruye iyi Kiliziya.
Kuba iyi Katederali yitabwaho cyane bifite ishingiro kuko ifatwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’Umujyi wa Paris ndetse n’ahantu h’ubukerarugendo.
Ubuhangange bw’iyi Katederali, yubatswe mu gihe cy’imyaka 182 hagati y’ikinyejana cya 12 na 14, bushingiye ku nkuru zitangaje. Uhereye ku migenzo ya kera kugeza ku bimenyetso by’amateka ya none, iyi nkuru dukesha Associated Press, irakugezaho ibintu bitanu byihariye ukwiriye kumenya kuri iyi Katederali.
Umutima w’Ubufaransa
Agaciro ka ‘Notre Dame’ karenze kure ubwiza bwayo mu myubakire n’amateka, ahubwo ni ho byose bishingira, kuko ari ho imihanda yose yo mu Bufaransa itangirira.
Imbere y’iyo kiliziya, mu mabuye y’amakoro, hari icyapa gikoze mu mabuye ya bronze kikaba cyanditseho amagambo agira ati “point zéro des routes de France” bisobanura ngo “aho imihanda y’u Bufaransa itangirira.” Iki cyapa kigaragaza aho batangirira bapima intera iri hagati ya Paris n’indi mijyi yose yo mu gihugu.
Nubwo icyo kibaho cyashyizweho mu 1924, igitekerezo cyo kuhagira “ground zero” y’igihugu cyaturutse mu 1769 ubwo Umwami Louis wa XV yatekerezaga uburyo bwo kugira icyerekezo gihuriza hamwe imihanda yose y’u Bufaransa, igitekerezo cyari kigamije guhuza ubuso bw’igihugu n’umutima wacyo i Paris.
Ikinyoma cy’ibishushanyo ‘gargoyles’ bimeze nk’imyuka mibi
Hari amashusho ateye ubwoba kandi akoze mu mabuye kuri Notre Dame bishobora kugaragara nk’ibyo mu migenzo ya kera, ariko si byose biri uko bigaragara. Ishusho nyakuri ifite ishusho y’inyamaswa ziteye ubwoba ‘gargoyles’, ikoze mu buryo bwo kuyobora amazi y’imvura, yariho mu gihe cyo kubaka iyo kiliziya. Ariko ibishushanyo bitangaje bimeze nk’imyuka mibi, bikunze kugaragara kuri ‘postcards’ na filimi, ni ibikabyo kandi ni bishya.
Mu kinyejana cya 19, umunyabugeni Eugène Viollet-le-Duc wari ushinzwe gusana iyo nyubako yari imaze igihe yangirika, yongeyemo ibyo bishushanyo kugira ngo byongere igisa nk’amayobera ya kiliziya.
Viollet-le-Duc yakuye iki gitekerezo mu gitabo kizwi cyane cya Victor Hugo “The Hunchback of Notre Dame”maze akora ayo mashusho y’inyamaswa ziteye ubwoba zifite imisusire isa n’iy’abantu.
Gargoyles zihagaze mu muryango wa katedrali zifite imiferege ifungura kugira ngo amazi abashe gusohoka.
Impinduka zidasanzwe
Mu gihe cy’Impinduramatwara y’Abafaransa, ubwo habaga imyigaragambyo myinshi y’abarwanyaga Kiliziya, Notre Dame ntiyafatwaga nk’ahantu hatagatifu. Mu 1793, abarwanyaga ubutegetsi bayikuyeho ibimenyetso byose byose bitagatifu ndetse bayihindurira izina bayita “Notre-Dame de la Raison”
Icyo gihe, iyo kiliziya yabaye ahaberaga ibirori byo guhimbaza ubumenyi n’ibitekerezo by’igihe cy’Ukubengerana (Enlightenment), ndetse mu gihe gito yakoreshejwe nk’ububiko bw’inzoga by’umwihariko divayi.
Imihango mitagatifu ya Kiliziya yongeye gusubukurwa mu 1795, maze Notre Dame igarurirwa icyubahiro cyayo cy’ubutagatifu ku busabe bwa Napoleon I, umwami w’u Bufaransa, waje kwimikirwa muri iyi kiliziya mu 1804.
Abami baciwe imitwe bokongera kugaruka nyuma y’imyaka myinshi
Mu 1792, abarwanyaga ubutegetsi baciye imitwe y’ibishushanyo 28 biri ku rukuta rwa Notre Dame, bibwira ko ari abami b’u Bufaransa. Mu by’ukuri, ibyo bishushanyo byari iby’abami ba Yudeya bo muri Bibiliya, aba sekuruza ba Yezu.
Byatekerezwaga ko imitwe yaciwe yatakaye burundu, bishoboka ko yamenaguwe cyangwa yagurishijwe nk’ibikoresho byo kubaka.
Ariko mu 1977, i Paris hatahuwe ibice by’ibishushanyo byinshi by’ibuye. Abahanga bemeje ko ari imitwe yari yarabuze y’abami ba Notre Dame. Uburyo ibyo bishushanyo byageze aho byataburuwe biracyari amayobera.
Ubu imitwe 22 muri yo yarasubiranywe kandi iri kugaragazwa mu nzu ndangamurage ya Cluny i Paris. Kuboneka kw’iyo mitwe byagizwe kimwe mu bidasanze by’ingenzi cyane mu mateka y’ubucukumbuzi bushingiye ku bisigaratongo mu Mujyi ugezweho wa Paris.
Ubutumwa bukomeye bwatanzwe n’umuriro ku myuka y’ifu ya aside
Umuriro wo muri 2019 wangije hafi kiliziya yose ya Notre Dame wagaragaje ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima. Igihe ibishashi by’umuriro byashongeshaga igisenge, ibiro byinshi by’ifu (ivu) y’ubutare bwa aside by’uburozi byagiye mu kirere, bikwirakwira hirya no hino muri Paris.
Ikibazo cyagaragaye ni uko ubuyobozi bwasanze nta mategeko ahari yo kugenzura ingaruka zishobora guterwa n’ifu y’ubutare bwa aside yaguye hirya no hino.
Iki si ikibazo cya Paris gusa, ahubwo n’imijyi minini nka Londre na Roma, ndetse n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO), nta mabwiriza ahari ku bijyanye n’ifu y’ubutare bwa aside inyanyagiye hirya no hino.
Inkongi yibasiye Notre Dame yagaragaje ikibazo kitari kizwi, bituma abayobozi basuzuma byimbitse ingamba zabo z’umutekano. Byafashe amezi ane kugira ngo umujyi urangize ibikorwa byo gusukura neza ahari iyo fu y’ubutare bwa aside.
Biteganyijwe ko abepiskopi bagera ku 170 bazitabira ibirori byo kongera gufungura Katederali Notre Dame.